{"id":917,"date":"2018-07-17T18:40:24","date_gmt":"2018-07-17T16:40:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/qys.sk\/?p=917"},"modified":"2018-07-17T18:40:24","modified_gmt":"2018-07-17T16:40:24","slug":"europska-skusenost-s-partnerstvami-gejov-a-lesieb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/europska-skusenost-s-partnerstvami-gejov-a-lesieb\/","title":{"rendered":"Eur\u00f3pska sk\u00fasenos\u0165 s partnerstvami gejov a lesieb"},"content":{"rendered":"

Prvou krajinou sveta, ktor\u00e1 pr\u00e1vne uznala p\u00e1ry rovnak\u00e9ho pohlavia, bolo v\u00a0roku 1989 D\u00e1nsko. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kon o\u00a0registrovan\u00fdch partnerstv\u00e1ch prijal d\u00e1nsky parlament v\u00a0pomere hlasov 71 k\u00a047 bez b\u00farliv\u00fdch diskusi\u00ed, na ktor\u00e9 sme zvyknut\u00ed dnes a\u00a0priznal gejsk\u00fdm a\u00a0lesbick\u00fdm p\u00e1rom skoro v\u0161etky pr\u00e1va a\u00a0povinnosti ako man\u017eelom s\u00a0v\u00fdnimkou mo\u017enosti adoptova\u0165 deti. <\/span><\/p>\n

Medzi prv\u00fdmi p\u00e1rmi, ktor\u00e9 uzavreli zv\u00e4zok pod\u013ea nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona boli Eigil Axgil s\u00a0partnerom. Eigil, ktor\u00fd v\u00a0roku 1948 zalo\u017eil prv\u00e9 d\u00e1nske zdru\u017eenie homosexu\u00e1lnych mu\u017eov<\/strong>, to pre The New York Times komentoval takto: \u201eJedinou cestou ako s\u00a0\u010d\u00edmko\u013evek pohn\u00fa\u0165 dopredu, je otvorene o\u00a0tom hovori\u0165. Mus\u00ed\u0161 poveda\u0165, \u017ee takto to so mnou je, aby aj spolo\u010dnos\u0165 mohla by\u0165 otvoren\u00e1 k\u00a0tebe.\u00a0<\/span>Ak by v\u0161etci nasledovali pr\u00edklad D\u00e1nska, ak by v\u0161etci zverejnili svojou orient\u00e1ciu,\u00a0povedali ako to s\u00a0nimi v\u00a0skuto\u010dnosti je a\u00a0vy\u0161li z\u00a0utajenia, tak sa toto stane aj vo zvy\u0161ku sveta.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Pod\u013ea mnoh\u00fdch zohrala k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu aj pr\u00e1ve prebiehaj\u00faca epid\u00e9mia AIDS. Podnietila konzervat\u00edvcov zamyslie\u0165 sa nad t\u00fdm, \u010di by nebolo dobr\u00e9 podporova\u0165 stabiln\u00e9 a\u00a0monogamn\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy medzi gejmi a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 aj priniesla t\u00e9mu homosexuality do verejnej sf\u00e9ry. Po prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t sa politici re\u00e1lne stretli s\u00a0gejmi a\u00a0lesbami a\u00a0zistili, \u017ee nie s\u00fa v\u00f4bec in\u00ed ako heterosexu\u00e1lni \u013eudia. \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Dnes 29 z\u00a050 eur\u00f3pskych \u0161t\u00e1tov pr\u00e1vne uzn\u00e1va p\u00e1ry rovnak\u00e9ho pohlavia.<\/strong> Man\u017eelstvo bolo prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t spr\u00edstupnen\u00e9 pre tieto p\u00e1ry v\u00a0roku 2001<\/strong> v\u00a0Holandsku, ktor\u00e9 nasledovalo 14 kraj\u00edn (Belgicko, D\u00e1nsko, F\u00ednsko, Franc\u00fazsko, Island, \u00cdrsko, Luxembursko, Malta, Nemecko, N\u00f3rsko, Portugalsko, \u0160panielsko, \u0160v\u00e9dsko a\u00a0Ve\u013ek\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nia). <\/span><\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161\u00edch 12 kraj\u00edn umo\u017e\u0148uje uzavretie in\u00e9ho civiln\u00e9ho zv\u00e4zku<\/strong>, registrovan\u00e9ho partnerstva p\u00e1rov rovnak\u00e9ho pohlavia, pri\u010dom rozsah ich pr\u00e1v a povinnost\u00ed sa medzi jednotliv\u00fdmi krajinami l\u00ed\u0161i (Andorra, Chorv\u00e1tsko, Cyprus, \u010cesk\u00e1 republika, Est\u00f3nsko, Gr\u00e9cko, Lichten\u0161tajnsko, Ma\u010farsko, Rak\u00fasko, Slovinsko, \u0160vaj\u010diarsko a\u00a0Taliansko). <\/span><\/p>\n

V krajin\u00e1ch Beneluxu, vo Ve\u013ekej Brit\u00e1nii a vo Franc\u00fazsku maj\u00fa p\u00e1ry rovnak\u00e9ho pohlavia mo\u017enos\u0165 v\u00fdberu medzi man\u017eelstvom a in\u00fdm civiln\u00fdm zv\u00e4zkom. 13 kraj\u00edn vr\u00e1tane Slovenska \u0161pecificky definuje man\u017eelstvo ako zv\u00e4zok mu\u017ea a \u017eeny<\/strong> vo svojej \u00fastave (\u00fastavn\u00fd z\u00e1kaz man\u017eelstiev p\u00e1rov rovnak\u00e9ho pohlavia), av\u0161ak dve z t\u00fdchto kraj\u00edn (Chorv\u00e1tsko a Ma\u010farsko) z\u00e1rove\u0148 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa uzavretie registrovan\u00e9ho partnerstva osob\u00e1m rovnak\u00e9ho pohlavia. Spomedzi 28 kraj\u00edn Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie Slovensk\u00e1 republika patr\u00ed k posledn\u00fdm \u0161iestim, ktor\u00e9 \u017eiadnym sp\u00f4sobom pr\u00e1vne neuzn\u00e1vaj\u00fa p\u00e1ry rovnak\u00e9ho pohlavia a\u00a0ich rodiny (Bulharsko, Litva, Loty\u0161sko, Po\u013esko, Rumunsko a\u00a0Slovensko<\/strong>).<\/span><\/p>\n

Rozdiely v \u00faprav\u00e1ch r\u00f4znych foriem registr\u00e1cie civiln\u00fdch zv\u00e4zkov v Eur\u00f3pe s\u00favisia s t\u00fdm, \u010di s\u00fa tieto formy dostupn\u00e9 rovnako p\u00e1rom rovnak\u00e9ho aj odli\u0161n\u00e9ho pohlavia, ako aj s t\u00fdm, \u010di je dan\u00e1 legislat\u00edva postaven\u00e1 na princ\u00edpe funk\u010dnej rovnosti t\u00fdchto in\u0161tit\u00fatov a man\u017eelstva, alebo \u010di s\u00fa hierarchick\u00e9. <\/span><\/p>\n

Spravidla politici najsk\u00f4r uz\u00e1konia in\u0161tit\u00fat registrovan\u00fdch partnerstiev len pre p\u00e1ry rovnak\u00e9ho pohlavia s\u00a0men\u0161\u00edm obsahom pr\u00e1v a\u00a0povinnost\u00ed ako man\u017eelstvo. \u010casto b\u00fdva aj symbolicky vy\u010dlenen\u00fd od rodinn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch ostatn\u00fdch, napr\u00edklad v\u00a0\u010ceskej republike neboli registrovan\u00e9 partnerstv\u00e1 zaraden\u00e9 do Ob\u010dianskeho z\u00e1konn\u00edka pri jeho rekodifik\u00e1cii, ale ostali osobit\u00fdm z\u00e1konom. <\/span><\/p>\n

Takto definovan\u00e9 in\u0161tit\u00faty s\u00fa v\u00a0rozpore so z\u00e1kladn\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vnymi princ\u00edpmi \u2013 zakotvuj\u00fa nerovn\u00e9 zaobch\u00e1dzanie<\/strong> pre niektor\u00fdch v protiklade s\u00a0rovn\u00fdm zaobch\u00e1dzan\u00edm pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch. S\u00fa zjavne trvalo neudr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9 a\u00a0v\u00a0praxi predstavuj\u00fa prechodn\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1dium, ak\u00fdsi test, po\u010das ktor\u00e9ho v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina pochop\u00ed, \u017ee sa gejsk\u00e9 a\u00a0lesbick\u00e9 p\u00e1ry od nej nel\u00ed\u0161ia a\u00a0s\u00fa hodn\u00ed a\u00a0hodn\u00e9 po\u017e\u00edva\u0165 rovnak\u00fa ochranu ako vz\u0165ahy a\u00a0rodiny zalo\u017een\u00e9 p\u00e1rom mu\u017ea a\u00a0\u017eeny. <\/span><\/p>\n

Zatia\u013e v\u00a0ka\u017edej krajine po prijat\u00ed legislat\u00edvy o\u00a0registrovan\u00fdch partnerstv\u00e1ch postupne v\u00fdrazne nar\u00e1stla aj podpora verejnosti v\u00a0spr\u00edstupnenie man\u017eelstiev pre gejsk\u00e9 a\u00a0lesbick\u00e9 p\u00e1ry. Je to tak preto, \u017ee tieto p\u00e1ry sa stali vidite\u013enej\u0161\u00edmi. Samotn\u00fd akt uzavretia partnerstva prebieha verejne pred \u0161t\u00e1tnym org\u00e1nom v\u00a0okruhu rodiny a\u00a0priate\u013eov a\u00a0n\u00e1sledne vystupuj\u00fa ako p\u00e1r v\u00a0ka\u017edodenn\u00fdch situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch. <\/span><\/p>\n

Re\u00e1lna \u017eivotn\u00e1 sk\u00fasenos\u0165 tak prekon\u00e1 strach a\u00a0v\u0161etky predsudky, ktor\u00e9 k\u00a0nim v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inov\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 m\u00e1. Holandsk\u00e1 sen\u00e1torka Hannie van Leeuwen za kres\u0165ansko-demokratick\u00fa stranu, ktor\u00e1 bola tvrdou odporky\u0148ou spr\u00edstupnenia man\u017eelstiev pre p\u00e1ry rovnak\u00e9ho pohlavia to vyjadrila nasledovne: \u201eV tom \u010dase som bola proti man\u017eelstvu pre p\u00e1ry rovnak\u00e9ho pohlavia. Viedol ma k\u00a0tomu strach. Ke\u010f som videla bra\u0165 sa to\u013eko \u0161\u0165astn\u00fdch gejsk\u00fdch a\u00a0lesbick\u00fdch p\u00e1rov pochopila som, \u017ee som sa m\u00fdlila.<\/strong> U\u017e ani neviem, \u010do ma viedlo k\u00a0tomu, aby som s\u00a0gejmi a\u00a0lesbami zaobch\u00e1dzala inak ako s\u00a0ostatn\u00fdmi ob\u010danmi.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Ak s\u00fa v\u0161ak registrovan\u00e9 partnerstv\u00e1 alternat\u00edvou k\u00a0man\u017eelstvu pre v\u0161etky p\u00e1ry, spravidla ost\u00e1vaj\u00fa v\u00a0platnosti aj po otvoren\u00ed man\u017eelstiev pre p\u00e1ry rovnak\u00e9ho pohlavia. Z\u00a0t\u00fdchto dlhoro\u010dn\u00fdch sk\u00fasenost\u00ed sme vych\u00e1dzali na Slovensku pri zakladan\u00ed platformy \u017divotn\u00e9 partnerstvo<\/strong>,<\/a> ktor\u00e1 prich\u00e1dza s\u00a0n\u00e1vrhom z\u00e1kona o\u00a0\u017eivotn\u00fdch (registrovan\u00fdch) partnerstv\u00e1ch a\u00a0kampa\u0148ou za ich prijatie. <\/span><\/p>\n

Na\u0161ou snahou je, aby \u017eivotn\u00e9 partnerstvo bolo stabilnou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou rodinn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va a vzh\u013eadom na \u00fastavou garantovan\u00fa rovnos\u0165 pred z\u00e1konom presadzujeme, aby bolo dostupn\u00e9 pre v\u0161etky p\u00e1ry. Nov\u00fd in\u0161tit\u00fat \u017eivotn\u00fdch partnerstiev znamen\u00e1 ponuku aj pre skupinu t\u00fdch p\u00e1rov, ktor\u00e9 z r\u00f4znych d\u00f4vodov odmietaj\u00fa uzavrie\u0165 man\u017eelstvo ako tradi\u010dn\u00fa formu pr\u00e1vneho uznania ich spolo\u010dn\u00fdch \u017eivotn\u00fdch cie\u013eov aj z\u00e1v\u00e4zkov, \u010do ale neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee nestoja o pr\u00e1vnu ochranu. <\/span><\/p>\n

Na Slovensku je 89 tis\u00edc heterosexu\u00e1lnych p\u00e1rov<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 v s\u010d\u00edtan\u00ed z roku 2011 deklarovali spolu\u017eitie vo faktickom man\u017eelstve. Pod\u013ea posledn\u00fdch dostupn\u00fdch \u00fadajov deti naroden\u00e9 mimo man\u017eelstva predstavuj\u00fa u\u017e 39% z celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu \u017eivonaroden\u00fdch det\u00ed. Dnes u\u017e teda ani na Slovensku nie je len jeden sp\u00f4sob alebo jedna vo\u013eba, pokia\u013e ide o vedenie vlastn\u00e9ho rodinn\u00e9ho alebo s\u00fakromn\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uvedomujeme si pritom, \u017ee r\u00f4zne p\u00e1ry maj\u00fa r\u00f4zne z\u00e1ujmy a preferencie, ktor\u00e9 treba sk\u013abi\u0165. K\u00fdm p\u00e1ry rovnak\u00e9ho pohlavia chc\u00fa in\u0161tit\u00fat \u010do najpodobnej\u0161\u00ed man\u017eelstvu, ktor\u00e9 je im nedostupn\u00e9, p\u00e1ry r\u00f4zneho pohlavia, ktor\u00e9 v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti maj\u00fa mo\u017enos\u0165 uzavrie\u0165 man\u017eelstvo ale neurobili tak, by ocenili vo\u013enej\u0161\u00ed in\u0161tit\u00fat s jednoduch\u0161\u00edmi administrat\u00edvnymi postupmi pri jeho vzniku a z\u00e1niku. \u017divotn\u00e9 partnerstvo je kompromis<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd prin\u00e1\u0161a jednoduch\u0161\u00ed proces vzniku a z\u00e1niku, zah\u0155\u0148a rovnak\u00fd obsah vz\u00e1jomn\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a povinnost\u00ed ako man\u017eelstvo s mo\u017enos\u0165ou vo\u013eby \u010di vznikne bezpodielov\u00e9 spoluvlastn\u00edctvo, pr\u00edpadne ur\u010denia jeho rozsahu. Vzorom m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 posledn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vne \u00fapravy v Est\u00f3nsku, Malte a Chorv\u00e1tsku. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Preh\u013ead o tom, ako je to s pr\u00e1vnym uznan\u00edm homosexu\u00e1lnych zv\u00e4zkov v Eur\u00f3pe.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":918,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-917","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-partnerstva"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/917","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=917"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/917\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/918"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=917"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=917"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=917"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}