{"id":4775,"date":"2025-08-02T14:57:53","date_gmt":"2025-08-02T12:57:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/?p=4775"},"modified":"2025-08-02T14:58:12","modified_gmt":"2025-08-02T12:58:12","slug":"kvir-filmy-ktore-definovali-devatdesiate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/kvir-filmy-ktore-definovali-devatdesiate\/","title":{"rendered":"Kv\u00edr filmy, ktor\u00e9 definovali dev\u00e4\u0165desiate"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Autor: David Benedek<\/strong> \/ <strong>Foto: IMDB.com<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Text sme prv\u00fd raz publikovali v \u010d\u00edsle Jar 2025.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Dva filmy, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pre m\u0148a ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 a zohrali ve\u013ek\u00fa rolu pri objavovan\u00ed mojej orient\u00e1cie a&nbsp;n\u00e1slednom coming oute, s\u00fa Beautiful Thing (r\u00e9\u017eia: Hettie MacDonald, 1996) a Get Real (r\u00e9\u017eia: Simon Shore, 1998). Boli to pre m\u0148a prv\u00e9 filmy, \u010do sa venovali gej t\u00edned\u017eerom, ktor\u00ed sa sna\u017eili zapadn\u00fa\u0165 do sveta, v&nbsp;ktorom homosexualita nie je akceptovan\u00e1. Preto musia svoju identitu taji\u0165 a&nbsp;nach\u00e1dza\u0165 okolo seba \u013eud\u00ed a&nbsp;priestory, ktor\u00e9 sa pre nich st\u00e1vaj\u00fa bezpe\u010dn\u00fdm priestorom. Tieto filmy mi v&nbsp;\u010dase dospievania uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee nie som s\u00e1m a&nbsp;t\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 v&nbsp;sebe dennodenne rie\u0161im, s\u00fa aj v&nbsp;mysliach in\u00fdch mlad\u00fdch os\u00f4b.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Kv\u00edr kinematografia 90. rokov sa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou s\u00fastredila na temn\u00e9 a smutn\u00e9 aspekty, ktor\u00e9 zachyt\u00e1vali sk\u00f4r utrpenie LGBTI+ \u013eud\u00ed. Napriek tomu sa z tejto dek\u00e1dy zrodilo nieko\u013eko sn\u00edmok, ktor\u00e9 sa stali kv\u00edr klasikami.<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Inovat\u00edvnym pr\u00edstupom k tematike kv\u00edr identity a LGBTI+ t\u00e9mam sa vyzna\u010duje filmov\u00e9 hnutie New Queer Cinema. Tieto filmy \u010dasto kombinovali experiment\u00e1lne dejov\u00e9 linky s osobn\u00fdmi pr\u00edbehmi a neb\u00e1li sa otv\u00e1ra\u0165 t\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 boli v danom obdob\u00ed tabu. Medzi nimi boli sexualita, identita a politick\u00e1 anga\u017eovanos\u0165. Medzi k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch re\u017eis\u00e9rov patria Gregg Araki, Todd Haynes a Gus Van Sant, ktor\u00ed prostredn\u00edctvom svojich diel prispeli k vidite\u013enosti kv\u00edr kult\u00fary a vyzvali div\u00e1kov k prehodnoteniu zau\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch predstav o rodine, l\u00e1ske a spolo\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jeden z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch filmov zo spom\u00ednan\u00e9ho filmov\u00e9ho hnutia je <em>Paris Is Burning <\/em>(r\u00e9\u017eia:Jennie Livingston, 1990)<em>.<\/em> Ikonick\u00fd dokument\u00e1rny film sa zaober\u00e1 teplou kult\u00farou v New Yorku 80. rokov, so zameran\u00edm na drag ball kult\u00faru a \u017eivoty afroamerick\u00fdch a latinskoamerick\u00fdch kv\u00edr \u013eud\u00ed. Film pomohol zvidite\u013eni\u0165 marginalizovan\u00e9 skupiny v LGBTI+ komunite, najm\u00e4 trans \u017eeny. Zaober\u00e1 sa ot\u00e1zkami identity, rodovej normativity, rasy a soci\u00e1lnej triedy. Ukazuje, ako sa tieto faktory prel\u00ednaj\u00fa v \u017eivotoch kv\u00edr jednotlivcov a ako ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa ich mo\u017enosti a sk\u00fasenosti. V \u010dase, ke\u010f bol film nakr\u00faten\u00fd, bola kv\u00edr kult\u00fara \u010dasto stigmatizovan\u00e1 a marginalizovan\u00e1. Film sa stal kultovou klasikou a in\u0161piroval mnoh\u00fdch umelcov, aktivistov a kv\u00edr osoby po celom svete. Jeho odkazy na kr\u00e1su, boj a t\u00fa\u017ebu po prijat\u00ed sa stali univerz\u00e1lnymi t\u00e9mami, ktor\u00e9 rezonuj\u00fa aj v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"684\" src=\"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/05\/Boys-Don_t-Cry-1024x684.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4820\" srcset=\"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/05\/Boys-Don_t-Cry-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/05\/Boys-Don_t-Cry-700x467.jpg 700w, https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/05\/Boys-Don_t-Cry-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/05\/Boys-Don_t-Cry.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Z\u00e1ber z filmu Boys Don\u00b4t Cry<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Podobn\u00e9 t\u00e9my sa zobrazovali aj v\u00a0in\u00fdch filmoch z\u00a0hnutia New Queer Cinema. Film <em>Poison <\/em>(r\u00e9\u017eia: Todd Haynes, 1991)prostredn\u00edctvom svojich t\u00e9m a post\u00e1v kritizuje heteronormat\u00edvnu spolo\u010dnos\u0165 a negat\u00edva vo\u010di kv\u00edr \u013eu\u010fom. Film <em>The Living End <\/em>(r\u00e9\u017eia: Gregg Araki, 1992)zobrazuje strach, frustr\u00e1ciu a\u00a0bezn\u00e1dej po\u010das HIV\/AIDS pand\u00e9mie a pom\u00e1hal zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 povedomie o tejto kr\u00edze. Film <em>My Own Private Idaho <\/em>(r\u00e9\u017eia: Gus Van Sant, 1991)sk\u00fama komplexn\u00fd vz\u0165ah medzi hlavn\u00fdmi postavami, Mikeom a Scottom, a zobrazuje ich emocion\u00e1lne a fyzick\u00e9 puto. Film pon\u00faka citliv\u00fd poh\u013ead na l\u00e1sku a priate\u013estvo v kontexte, ktor\u00fd nie je v\u017edy akceptovan\u00fd spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V&nbsp;dev\u00e4\u0165desiatych rokoch vznikli dva d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 filmy, venuj\u00face sa umeniu dragu. Mnoh\u00ed \u013eudia v&nbsp;tejto dobe vn\u00edmali drag queens ve\u013emi negat\u00edvne a&nbsp;\u010dasto sa od nich di\u0161tancovala aj samotn\u00e1 kv\u00edr komunita. Film <em>The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert <\/em>(r\u00e9\u017eia: Stephan Elliott, 1994) bol jedn\u00fdm z prv\u00fdch, ktor\u00fd sa otvorene zaoberal t\u00e9mami transrodovosti a&nbsp;dragu. Pr\u00edbeh sa zameriava na priate\u013estvo, toleranciu a akcept\u00e1ciu, pri\u010dom ukazuje, ako sa postavy vyrovn\u00e1vaj\u00fa s predsudkami a&nbsp;diskrimin\u00e1ciou, \u010do s\u00fa t\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 kv\u00edr komunita rie\u0161i do dne\u0161n\u00e9ho d\u0148a. Film je zn\u00e1my svojou bohatou estetikou, farebn\u00fdmi kost\u00fdmami a&nbsp;hudobn\u00fdmi \u010d\u00edslami. V\u0161etky tieto prvky zd\u00f4raz\u0148uj\u00fa jeho posolstvo o&nbsp;oslave individuality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Film<ins>u<\/ins> <em>To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar <\/em>(r\u00e9\u017eia: Beeban Kidron, 1995) sa dostal<ins>o<\/ins> komer\u010dn<ins>ej<\/ins> pozornosti v\u010faka trom \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fdm hercom v\u00a0hlavnej \u00falohe. Wesley Snipes, Patrick Swayze a John Leguizamo boli v 90. rokoch mil\u00e1\u010dikovia publika, hlavne \u017eenskej \u010dasti<ins>,<\/ins> a\u00a0pr\u00e1ve preto bolo ich obsadenie nielen ve\u013emi kontroverzn\u00e9, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 pre LGBTI+ komunitu pozit\u00edvne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V&nbsp;tejto dek\u00e1de vznikali kv\u00edr filmy, ktor\u00e9 sa okam\u017eite stali \u00faspechom v&nbsp;o\u010diach filmov\u00fdch kritikov. Ide o&nbsp;filmy, ktor\u00e9 sa venuj\u00fa smutn\u00fdm t\u00e9mam pre\u017e\u00edvania LGBTI+ os\u00f4b, no treba myslie\u0165, \u017ee v&nbsp;90. rokoch bolo utrpenie queer osoby najviac spracov\u00e1vanou t\u00e9mou. Film <em>Philadelphia <\/em>(r\u00e9\u017eia: Jonathan Demme, 1993) bol jedn\u00fdm z&nbsp;prv\u00fdch, ktor\u00fd sa zaoberal t\u00e9mou HIV\/AIDS pand\u00e9mie a&nbsp;jej dopadmi na \u017eivoty os\u00f4b z&nbsp;komunity. V&nbsp;\u010dase vydania filmu bola t\u00e9ma st\u00e1le stigmatizovan\u00e1 a&nbsp;pr\u00e1ve preto prispel k&nbsp;zv\u00fd\u0161eniu povedomia o&nbsp;tejto chorobe. V&nbsp;hlavnej \u00falohe sa objavil popul\u00e1rny herec Tom Hanks, ktor\u00fd za svoju rolu z\u00edskal Oscara za najlep\u0161ieho herca, \u010do pouk\u00e1zalo na d\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 t\u00fdchto t\u00e9m vo filmovom priemysle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"To Wong Foo, Thanks For Everything! Julie Newmar (1995) - Official Trailer\" width=\"1778\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/P2yNnEhsFno?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Film <em>Bent <\/em>(r\u00e9\u017eia: Sean Mathias, 1997) sa zaober\u00e1 t\u00e9mami homof\u00f3bie a&nbsp;diskrimin\u00e1cie v&nbsp;kontexte holokaustu. Pr\u00edbeh je zasaden\u00fd do 30. rokov 20. storo\u010dia a&nbsp;sleduje osud homosexu\u00e1lneho mu\u017ea, ktor\u00fd sa sna\u017e\u00ed pre\u017ei\u0165 v&nbsp;dobe, ke\u010f je jeho orient\u00e1cia pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za zlo\u010din. Toto dielo pripomenulo div\u00e1ctvu, \u017ee homosexu\u00e1li boli jedn\u00fdm z&nbsp;cie\u013eov nacistick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu, \u010do je niekedy prehliadan\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 hist\u00f3rie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ob\u013e\u00fabencom kritikov, ale aj publika kultov\u00fdch filmov je <em>Happy Together <\/em>(r\u00e9\u017eia: Wong Kar-wai, 1997). Wong Kar-wai je zn\u00e1my svoj\u00edm unik\u00e1tnym vizu\u00e1lnym \u0161t\u00fdlom, ktor\u00fd kombinuje bohat\u00e9 farby, neobvykl\u00e9 uhly kamery a dynamick\u00e9 strihy, \u010do dopomohlo pri t\u00e9mach toxick\u00e9ho vz\u0165ahu, zlomen\u00e9ho srdca a&nbsp;\u017eivote po l\u00e1ske. <em>Happy Together<\/em> je jedn\u00fdm z najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch filmov, ktor\u00e9 sa zaoberaj\u00fa homosexu\u00e1lnymi vz\u0165ahmi v \u00e1zijskej kinematografii.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Filmy s&nbsp;lesbick\u00fdmi \u010di transrodov\u00fdmi postavami boli v&nbsp;tejto dobe zriedkavej\u0161ie, no t\u00fdch nieko\u013eko, ktor\u00e9 sa nato\u010dili, sa pova\u017euj\u00fa za kv\u00edr klasiky dodnes. Kom\u00e9dia <em>But I&#8217;m a&nbsp;Cheerleader <\/em>(r\u00e9\u017eia: Jamie Babbit, 1999) je zn\u00e1ma svoj\u00edm jedine\u010dn\u00fdm humorom, satirou a odv\u00e1\u017enym pr\u00edstupom k t\u00e9me sexuality. Hlavn\u00e1 postava Megan, ktor\u00fa hr\u00e1 Natasha Lyonne, je roztlieskava\u010dka, ktorej rodi\u010dia za\u010dn\u00fa ma\u0165 podozrenie, \u017ee je lesba. V snahe \u201evylie\u010di\u0165\u201c jej sexualitu ju posielaj\u00fa do konverzn\u00e9ho t\u00e1bora. T\u00e1to t\u00e9ma je be\u017ene zobrazovan\u00e1 omnoho temnej\u0161ie, no pr\u00e1ve komedi\u00e1lne spracovanie tohto filmu dopomohlo k&nbsp;zv\u00fdrazneniu absurdity konverzn\u00fdch t\u00e1borov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"BUT IM A CHEERLEADER trailer\" width=\"1778\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YizxJNNq3Ng?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>The Watermelon Woman <\/em>(r\u00e9\u017eia: Cheryl Dunye, 1990)sa zap\u00edsal do hist\u00f3rie t\u00fdm, \u017ee bol prv\u00fdm celove\u010dern\u00fdm filmom re\u017e\u00edrovan\u00fdm \u010diernou lesbickou re\u017eis\u00e9rkou. Hlavnou postavou je Cheryl, mlad\u00e1 Afroameri\u010danka, ktor\u00e1 sa sna\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1js\u0165 svoju identitu v prostred\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 je \u010dasto nepriate\u013esk\u00e9 vo\u010di jej rase a sexualite. Film sa neboj\u00ed konfrontova\u0165 \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 t\u00e9my, ako s\u00fa rasizmus a homof\u00f3bia, a pritom zachov\u00e1va \u013eahkos\u0165 a humor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00ed trans film z\u00a0tohto obdobia je ur\u010dite <em>Boys Don&#8217;t Cry (<\/em>r\u00e9\u017eia: Kimberly Peirce, 1999). V\u00a0dobe vydania bol pova\u017eovan\u00fd za prelomov\u00fd a\u00a0ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd, no v\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa mnoh\u00ed trans \u013eudia na\u0148 pozeraj\u00fa inak. Film je zalo\u017een\u00fd na skuto\u010dnom pr\u00edbehu Brandon Teena, trans mu\u017ea, ktor\u00fd bol zavra\u017eden\u00fd. Niektor\u00ed trans aktivisti a kritici tvrdia, \u017ee film zobrazuje trans identitu sp\u00f4sobom, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 zjednodu\u0161en\u00fd alebo skreslen\u00fd, a neberie do \u00favahy komplexnos\u0165 a rozmanitos\u0165 trans sk\u00fasenost\u00ed. Hlavn\u00fa postavu trans mu\u017ea si zahrala Hillary Swank, \u010do je problematick\u00e9 samo osebe, preto\u017ee dnes u\u017e \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie zaznievaj\u00fa hlasy, \u017ee transrodov\u00e9 postavy by mali hra\u0165 transrodov\u00ed herci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Boys Don&#039;t Cry (1999) Trailer #1 | Movieclips Classic Trailers\" width=\"1778\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Ar9wGSd7KVQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Autor: David Benedek \/ Foto: IMDB.com Text sme prv\u00fd raz publikovali v \u010d\u00edsle Jar 2025. Dva filmy, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pre m\u0148a ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 a zohrali ve\u013ek\u00fa rolu pri objavovan\u00ed mojej orient\u00e1cie a&nbsp;n\u00e1slednom coming oute, s\u00fa Beautiful Thing (r\u00e9\u017eia: Hettie MacDonald, 1996) a Get Real (r\u00e9\u017eia: Simon Shore, 1998). Boli to pre m\u0148a prv\u00e9 filmy, \u010do <a href=\"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/kvir-filmy-ktore-definovali-devatdesiate\/\" class=\"more-link\">&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":4822,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[254,261],"tags":[622,621,266,146,159,282],"class_list":["post-4775","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-film","category-komentare-a-analyzy","tag-90-roky","tag-filmove-tipy","tag-from-qys","tag-queer-film","tag-queer-kultura","tag-tipy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4775","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4775"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4775\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4832,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4775\/revisions\/4832"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4822"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4775"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4775"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4775"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}