{"id":4499,"date":"2024-08-10T07:48:49","date_gmt":"2024-08-10T05:48:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/?p=4499"},"modified":"2024-08-10T07:50:05","modified_gmt":"2024-08-10T05:50:05","slug":"komu-patri-toyen-ambivalentne-identity-surrealistickeho-umelectva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/komu-patri-toyen-ambivalentne-identity-surrealistickeho-umelectva\/","title":{"rendered":"Komu patr\u00ed Toyen? Ambivalentn\u00e9 identity surrealistick\u00e9ho umelectva"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Autor: Richard L. Kram\u00e1r<\/strong> <strong>\/<\/strong> <strong>FOTO: Galerie Zden\u011bk Sklen\u00e1\u0159 2023, Wikimedia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Text sme prv\u00fd raz publikovali v \u010d\u00edsle Leto 2024.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Toyen, \u010desk\u00fd umelec dvadsiateho storo\u010dia venuj\u00faci sa ma\u013ebe, kresbe, ilustr\u00e1cii a&nbsp;kol\u00e1\u017ei, patr\u00ed medzi popredn\u00e9 predstavite\u013eky eur\u00f3pskeho surrealizmu. Ich \u017eivotn\u00fd pr\u00edbeh je v&nbsp;posledn\u00fdch rokoch centrom obnoven\u00e9ho z\u00e1ujmu, nielen v\u010faka estetick\u00fdm kvalit\u00e1m jej diela, ale i&nbsp;kv\u00f4li jeho rodovej nonkonformite, ktor\u00e1 vynik\u00e1 ako v&nbsp;dobovom, tak v&nbsp;s\u00fa\u010dasnom spolo\u010denskom kontexte.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u201ePr\u00e1v\u011b tak jako nem\u011bla v l\u00e1sce sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmen\u00ed, nem\u011bla r\u00e1da ani sv\u016fj \u017eensk\u00fd rod. Hovo\u0159ila jen v rod\u011b mu\u017esk\u00e9m. Bylo n\u00e1m to zprvu trochu nezvykl\u00e9 a groteskn\u00ed, ale \u010dasem jsme si zvykli,\u201c skon\u0161tatoval na margo preferenci\u00ed Toyen b\u00e1snik Jaroslav Seifert. Bol to pr\u00e1ve Seifert, kto meno Toyen \u00fadajne vymyslel. \u201eMarie \u010cerm\u00ednov\u00e1 n\u00e1s dlouho \u017e\u00e1dala, abychom pro ni vymyslili s&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/V%C3%ADt%C4%9Bzslav_Nezval\">Nezvalem<\/a>&nbsp;n\u011bjak\u00fd vhodn\u00fd pseudonym. Napadlo n\u00e1s asi tucet jmen, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 se j\u00ed v\u0161ak nel\u00edbilo. N\u00e1m ostatn\u011b tak\u00e9 ne. A\u017e jednou. Sed\u011bl jsem s Mankou s\u00e1m v N\u00e1rodn\u00ed kav\u00e1rn\u011b a Manka m\u011bla p\u0159ed v\u00fdstavou. A necht\u011bla za nic vystavovat pod sv\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem. Kdy\u017e na chv\u00edli ode\u0161la pro n\u011bjak\u00fd \u010dasopis, napsal jsem na ubrousek velk\u00fdmi p\u00edsmeny TOYEN. Kdy\u017e si jm\u00e9no po sv\u00e9m n\u00e1vratu p\u0159e\u010detla, bez rozm\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed je p\u0159ijala a nos\u00ed je podnes; nikdo ji jinak neoslov\u00ed a jej\u00ed prav\u00e9 jm\u00e9no je patrn\u011b jen na cestovn\u00edm pase, kter\u00fd u\u017e je d\u00e1vno neplatn\u00fd.\u201c V\u00fdznam tohto mena je nejasn\u00fd, ale \u010di u\u017e bolo odvoden\u00e9 od franc\u00fazskeho <em>citoyen <\/em>(ob\u010dan), alebo ide o&nbsp;hru s&nbsp;\u010deskou fr\u00e1zou \u201eto je on\u201c, jeho \u00fa\u010del je jednozna\u010dn\u00fd: zrete\u013ene sa vymedzi\u0165 vo\u010di normat\u00edvnej kateg\u00f3rii \u201e\u017eena\u201c.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Meno a\u00a0preferovan\u00fd sp\u00f4sob oslovovania neboli jedin\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby, ktor\u00fdmi Toyen toto vymedzenie realizovali. \u010casto nosila typicky \u201emu\u017esk\u00fd\u201c odev a\u00a0\u00fa\u010des a\u00a0v\u00a0spolo\u010dnosti sa prezentovali ako \u201emu\u017e\u201c. Dobov\u00e9 tabu prekra\u010dovali, aj ke\u010f sa obliekal a\u00a0vystupoval ako \u201e\u017eena\u201c. I\u00a0ke\u010f si pr\u00edsne str\u00e1\u017eila svoje s\u00fakromie, z\u00a0dochovan\u00fdch svedectiev vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu svojho \u017eivota neprejavoval romantick\u00fd \u010di sexu\u00e1lny z\u00e1ujem o\u00a0heterosexu\u00e1lnych mu\u017eov. \u201eZ jej sk\u00edc v\u0161ak jasne vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee ju zauj\u00edmala t\u00e9ma sexu\u00e1lneho styku medzi \u017eenami, a jej pr\u00e1ce v oleji, grafike, kol\u00e1\u017ei a kresbe zd\u00f4raz\u0148uj\u00fa zmyseln\u00e9 erotick\u00e9 pote\u0161enie, ktor\u00e9 jej sp\u00f4sobovalo vym\u00fd\u0161\u013eanie sexu\u00e1lne expres\u00edvnych obrazov aj ich taktiln\u00e9 vytv\u00e1ranie,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e v\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nku <em>Fire Smoulders in the Veins: Toyen&#8217;s queer Desire and Its Roots in Prague Surrealism <\/em>(<em>Ohe\u0148 tlie v \u017eil\u00e1ch: kv\u00edr t\u00fa\u017eba Toyen a jej korene v pra\u017eskom surrealizme<\/em>)<em> <\/em>Karla Huebner. Vo svojom v\u00fdtvarnom diele taktie\u017e priebe\u017ene spochyb\u0148oval bin\u00e1rne vyt\u00fd\u010denie a\u00a0ohrani\u010denie rodu a\u00a0singularity \u010di nemennosti tela. Aj napriek t\u00fdmto jasn\u00fdm ukazovate\u013eom nenormat\u00edvneho uva\u017eovania o\u00a0rode a sexualite je postava Toyen st\u00e1le \u010dasto mytologizovan\u00e1 ako postava striktne cis, heterosexu\u00e1lna a normat\u00edvne \u017eensk\u00e1. Toto s\u00favis\u00ed s\u00a0tendenciou konceptualizova\u0165 postavu Toyen ako z\u00e1visl\u00fa a\u00a0odvoden\u00fa od mu\u017eov surrealistick\u00e9ho hnutia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"698\" src=\"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/06\/Toyen-a-Styrsky-1929-1024x698.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4543\" srcset=\"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/06\/Toyen-a-Styrsky-1929-1024x698.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/06\/Toyen-a-Styrsky-1929-700x477.jpg 700w, https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/06\/Toyen-a-Styrsky-1929.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Toyen a \u0160tyrsk\u00fd, 1929<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Bl\u00edzke vz\u0165ahy medzi Toyen a&nbsp;jeho kolegami z&nbsp;r\u00e1d surrealistov, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm s b\u00e1snikom V\u00edt\u011bzslavom Nezvalom a&nbsp;v\u00fdtvarn\u00edkom Jind\u0159ichom \u0160tyrsk\u00fdm, boli pod\u013ea v\u0161etk\u00e9ho obojstranne nap\u013a\u0148aj\u00face. Toyen konzistentne tvrdil, \u017ee nikdy ne\u0161lo o&nbsp;vz\u0165ahy sexu\u00e1lnej \u010di romantickej povahy, to v\u0161ak nebr\u00e1ni historikom umenia tvrdi\u0165 opak. \u201eObjavili sa aj snahy spoji\u0165 Toyen s \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi mo\u017en\u00fdmi mu\u017esk\u00fdmi milencami, napr\u00edklad s \u201amlad\u00fdm mu\u017eom tmavej pleti\u2018, s ktor\u00fdm sa stretli \u010desk\u00ed historici umenia, ktor\u00ed ju nav\u0161t\u00edvili za\u010diatkom 60. rokov. Film Jana N\u011bmca <em>Toyen<\/em> z roku 2005 ju vykreslil ako posadnut\u00fa Heislerom a nazna\u010dil, \u017ee Heisler sa podie\u013eal na tvorbe heterosexu\u00e1lnej erotickej tvorby, ktor\u00e1 vznikla v \u010dase, ke\u010f bol v skuto\u010dnosti sotva dospel\u00fd, teda d\u00e1vno predt\u00fdm, ako sa v roku 1938 pripojil k pra\u017eskej surrealistickej skupine,\u201c dod\u00e1va Karla Huebner<em>. <\/em>Toyen interpretovan\u00fd ako nefal\u0161ovan\u00e1 heterosexu\u00e1lna \u017eena a&nbsp;oddan\u00e1 milenka velik\u00e1nov literat\u00fary a&nbsp;v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9ho umenia zapad\u00e1 do stereotypnej predstavy o&nbsp;\u017een\u00e1ch hnutia surrealizmu, ktor\u00e9 sa dr\u017eali na jeho okrajoch a&nbsp;vystupovali predov\u0161etk\u00fdm ako priate\u013eky a&nbsp;man\u017eelky surrealistov \u2013 mu\u017eov. Tak\u00fdto patriarch\u00e1lny a heterosexistick\u00fd umenovedn\u00fd diskurz o&nbsp;Toyen \u2013 milenke reprezentuje napr\u00edklad katal\u00f3g z&nbsp;roku 2000, kde Karel Srp uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee Toyen \u201esa erotick\u00fdmi t\u00e9mami d\u00f4slednej\u0161ie zaoberala len v\u010faka \u0160tyrsk\u00e9ho aktivite.\u201c Ladislav Jackson vo svojom \u010dl\u00e1nku <em>Toyen captured by identitarian politics? <\/em>(<em>Toyen v&nbsp;zajat\u00ed identit\u00e1rnej politiky?<\/em>)<em> <\/em>pribli\u017euje, \u017ee Srp \u201e\u00faplne ignoruje skic\u00e1re Toyen z dvadsiatych rokov a cel\u00fa produkciu obsahuj\u00facu lesbick\u00fa erotick\u00fa t\u00fa\u017ebu. Akoby prav\u00e1 a spr\u00e1vna erotika bola len heterosexu\u00e1lna a heteroerotick\u00e1, vr\u00e1tane tej, ku ktorej Toyen vedie mu\u017e.\u201c&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead pozit\u00edvnej\u0161ou reprezent\u00e1ciou Toyen je ich korunovanie na \u201em\u00fazu Dev\u011btsilu\u201c. Tento Toyen nie je nutne z\u00e1visl\u00fd od surrealistov \u2013 mu\u017eov v\u00a0oblasti kreat\u00edvnej invencie a iniciat\u00edvy, ale \u201ejej\u00ed\/jeho v\u00fdznam byl validov\u00e1n uzn\u00e1n\u00edm jin\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f,\u201c ako p\u00ed\u0161e Ladislav Jackson v\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nku <em>I am not your lesbo! K diskurzu o soukrom\u00ed \u201esn\u00edc\u00ed rebelky\u201c. <\/em>K\u00a0m\u00fdtu Toyen \u2013 m\u00fazy neprispeli len \u010dlenovia \u010deskej surrealistickej skupiny, ale napr\u00edklad i ursurrealista Andr\u00e9 Breton, ktor\u00e9mu Toyen \u201epripom\u00ednala sl\u00e1vika, ktor\u00fd uviazol v jeho byte, a tvrdil, \u017ee je nejak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom mimo pos\u00fadenia a hodnotenia. V\u0161etko, \u010doho sa Toyen dotkla, nap\u00edsal Breton, bolo spojen\u00e9 s divok\u00fdm a \u00faplne slobodn\u00fdm spevom sl\u00e1vika hodv\u00e1bnym rebr\u00edkom,\u201c ako referuje Lucy Ives v\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nku <em>Mythic Being<\/em>. Nie \u017ee by si Toyen obdiv mu\u017eov \u2013 surrealistov nezasl\u00fa\u017eil, ale jeho uzavret\u00fd r\u00e1mec dodnes limituje porozumenie rozp\u00ednavej slobode jeho tvorivej osobnosti. \u201eSchopnos\u0165 Toyen v\u017ei\u0165 sa do viacer\u00fdch post\u00e1v \u2013 ,mu\u017e\u2018 pracuj\u00faci, ,\u017eena\u2018 intelektu\u00e1lka \u2013 z nej u\u010dinila objekt fant\u00e1zi\u00ed, hoci o povahe jej vlastn\u00fdch predst\u00e1v sa d\u00e1 len \u0161pekulova\u0165,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e v\u00fdre\u010dne Ives. Pre Nezvala bol Toyen v\u017edy zjednodu\u0161ene \u201edvoj\u010da\u0165om\u201c \u0160tyrsk\u00e9ho: \u201e\u0160tyrsk\u00fd byl jej\u00ed du\u0161\u00ed a jej\u00edm \u017eensk\u00fdm prvkem, nebo\u0165 Toyen, kter\u00e1 se \u0161atila po jist\u00fd \u010das jako kluk, odm\u00edtala, kdy\u017e mluvila o sob\u011b, pou\u017e\u00edvat \u017eenskou koncovku, aby tak manifestovala svou lidskou i um\u011bleckou rovnopr\u00e1vnost.\u201c Nezval s\u00edce spom\u00edna snahu Toyen o\u00a0\u013eudsk\u00fa a\u00a0umeleck\u00fa rovnopr\u00e1vnos\u0165, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 trv\u00e1 na tom, \u017ee je nutn\u00e9, aby ju \u0160tyrsk\u00fd obdaroval (\u017eenskou) du\u0161ou \u2013 bez \u0160tyrsk\u00e9ho by Toyen nebol kompletn\u00fd. Rozl\u00fa\u010dke Toyen: \u201eSbohem! J\u00e1 jsem mal\u00ed\u0159 smutnej!\u201c Seifert non\u0161alantne kontroval: \u201eMy jsme jej\u00edmu smutku nikdy nev\u011b\u0159ili,\u201c odmietaj\u00fac ako melancholick\u00e9 gesto rozl\u00fa\u010dky, tak validitu maskulinity Toyen. V\u0161etka subverzia Toyen \u2013 m\u00fazy akoby mala platnos\u0165, len k\u00fdm bola pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za podnetn\u00fa k diskusii a\u00a0tvorbe jeho mu\u017esk\u00fdch kolegov.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"632\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/06\/Toyen-Praha-1947-Sukromna-zbierka-\u00a9-Galerie-Zdenek-Sklenar-2023-632x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4544\" srcset=\"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/06\/Toyen-Praha-1947-Sukromna-zbierka-\u00a9-Galerie-Zdenek-Sklenar-2023-632x1024.jpg 632w, https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/06\/Toyen-Praha-1947-Sukromna-zbierka-\u00a9-Galerie-Zdenek-Sklenar-2023-432x700.jpg 432w, https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/06\/Toyen-Praha-1947-Sukromna-zbierka-\u00a9-Galerie-Zdenek-Sklenar-2023-949x1536.jpg 949w, https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/06\/Toyen-Praha-1947-Sukromna-zbierka-\u00a9-Galerie-Zdenek-Sklenar-2023-1265x2048.jpg 1265w, https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/06\/Toyen-Praha-1947-Sukromna-zbierka-\u00a9-Galerie-Zdenek-Sklenar-2023.jpg 1581w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 632px) 100vw, 632px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Toyen, Praha 1947, S\u00fakromn\u00e1 zbierka \u00a9 Galerie Zden\u011bk Sklen\u00e1\u0159 2023<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Proti patriarch\u00e1lnym a&nbsp;heterosexistick\u00fdm predstav\u00e1m o&nbsp;Toyen \u2013 milenke a&nbsp;Toyen \u2013 m\u00faze stoja explicitn\u00e9 kv\u00edr narat\u00edvy o&nbsp;Toyen. Pozornos\u0165 vzbudil blog Petra Tomka <em>P\u0159esta\u0148me lh\u00e1t o&nbsp;Toyen<\/em>, v&nbsp;ktorom autor zostra skon\u0161tatoval: \u201eToyen nebyla prvn\u00ed d\u00e1mou \u010desk\u00e9 avantgardy prost\u011b proto, \u017ee by ostatn\u00ed za tohle ozna\u010den\u00ed nen\u00e1vid\u011bl. Ano Toyen byl transgender, narodil se jako Marie \u010cerm\u00ednov\u00e1, ale vn\u00edmal se jako mu\u017e a v\u017edycky o sob\u011b mluvil v mu\u017esk\u00e9m rod\u011b.\u201c K&nbsp;podobn\u00e9mu n\u00e1zoru sa priklonila i Jana Valdrov\u00e1, ke\u010f vo svojom blogovom pr\u00edspevku <em>Toyen byl mu\u017e. U\u010dme se to respektovat<\/em> vyhl\u00e1sila: \u201eToyen nejen pou\u017e\u00edval p\u0159i hovoru o sob\u011b mu\u017esk\u00fd rod, nosil mu\u017esk\u00e9 \u0161aty, zm\u011bnil si jm\u00e9no na rodov\u011b neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 trp\u011bl depresemi z rozporu mezi t\u00edm, \u010d\u00edm byl fyzicky a jak se vn\u00edmal. Dnes m\u00e1 tento stav svoje medic\u00ednsk\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed \u2013 genderov\u00e1 dysforie. Od \u00famrt\u00ed velk\u00e9ho \u010desk\u00e9ho um\u011blce pr\u00e1v\u011b uplynulo \u010dty\u0159icet let \u2013 to je dost \u010dasu na to, aby si na nebin\u00e1rn\u00ed identity zvykly krom\u011b Jaroslava Seiferta i v\u0161echny n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed generace.\u201c Milena Bartlov\u00e1 vo svojej \u0161t\u00fadii <em>Ten-Ta-Toyen: Obrazy toho, o \u010dem se ml\u010d\u00ed<\/em> pre pop\u00edsanie sk\u00fasenosti Toyen navrhuje pojem \u017eenskej maskulinity, prevzat\u00fd od Jacka Halberstama. Karla Huebner v&nbsp;knihe <em>Toyen: Magnetic Woman and the Surrealist Erotic <\/em>(<em>Toyen: Pr\u00ed\u0165a\u017eliv\u00e1 \u017eena a Surrealistick\u00e1 erotika<\/em>)<em> <\/em>sp\u00e1ja \u201eandrog\u00fdniu\u201c Toyen s&nbsp;ideou \u201enovej \u017eeny\u201c, ktor\u00e1 z\u00edskavala jasn\u00e9 kont\u00fary v&nbsp;tridsiatych rokoch a \u201emala vytvori\u0165 nov\u00fa, emancipovan\u00fa, praktick\u00fa \u017eenu, ktor\u00e1 mala by\u0165 bu\u010f bur\u017eo\u00e1znym ide\u00e1lom, alebo robotn\u00edckou nutnos\u0165ou.\u201c Z\u00e1verom knihy Huebner polemizuje s&nbsp;mo\u017enos\u0165ami, \u017ee Toyen mohla by\u0165 bu\u010f lesbickou \u017eenou, alebo trans mu\u017eom.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>U\u017e nikdy sa nedozvieme, \u010di Toyen s\u00e1m seba pova\u017eoval za bisexu\u00e1lx, geja, lesbu, trans mu\u017ea, nebin\u00e1rnu osobu, alebo im v\u0161etky tieto a\u00a0in\u00e9 identit\u00e1rne kateg\u00f3rie boli bytostne cudzie. Ako uviedla vo svojom texte <em>Toyen: Znamenit\u00e1 mrtvola <\/em>Eva Skopalov\u00e1: \u201eOdpov\u011b\u010f pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nenalezneme, pokud budeme ch\u00e1pat \u010dlov\u011bka jako soubor konstant \u2013 \u010dlov\u011bkem se st\u00e1v\u00e1me.\u201c Cie\u013eom \u00favah o\u00a0Toyen by v\u00a0\u017eiadnom pr\u00edpade nemala by\u0165 snaha jeho\/jej\/ich identitu konsolidova\u0165, zjednodu\u0161i\u0165 a\u00a0u\u010dini\u0165 \u010ditate\u013enou. V\u00a0takomto procese toti\u017e hroz\u00ed, \u017ee postavu Toyen budeme in\u0161trumentalizova\u0165 a \u201epou\u017e\u00edva\u0165\u201c pre svoje potreby rovnako, ako \u0161\u00edritelia patriarch\u00e1lnych a\u00a0heterosexistick\u00fdch predst\u00e1v, len tentokr\u00e1t \u201ev d\u00fahovom\u201c. Ja s\u00e1m, ako trans mu\u017e, poci\u0165ujem siln\u00fa potrebu o\u00a0Toyen hovori\u0165 v\u00fdhradne v\u00a0mu\u017eskom rode a\u00a0pripisova\u0165 mu jednozna\u010dne identitu trans mu\u017ea. Existencia sympatick\u00e9ho, slobodn\u00e9ho a\u00a0vplyvn\u00e9ho umelca s\u00a0identitou, ktor\u00e1 zrkadl\u00ed moju vlastn\u00fa v\u00a0ned\u00e1vnej \u010deskoslovenskej hist\u00f3rii, mi d\u00e1va pocit bezpe\u010dia, kontinuity a\u00a0istej nepopierate\u013enej hrdosti. Je mi v\u0161ak z\u00e1rove\u0148 jasn\u00e9, \u017ee t\u00fdmto svoj\u00edm majetn\u00edckym po\u010d\u00ednan\u00edm akosi nespravodlivo zu\u017eujem multiplicitu Toyen na to, \u010do s\u00e1m potrebujem a\u00a0obdivujem. A\u00a0pripad\u00e1m si tak len o\u00a0m\u00e1lo lep\u0161\u00ed ako p\u00e1ni, ktor\u00fdm mali Toyen konceptu\u00e1lne sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 v\u00fdhradne ako milenka \u010di m\u00faza. To neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee sa svojej predstavy Toyen ako trans mu\u017ea vzd\u00e1vam. V\u00a0celom texte som v\u0161ak z\u00e1merne striedal rody a\u00a0z\u00e1men\u00e1, aby som si lep\u0161ie uvedomil, \u017ee Toyen mi v\u00fdhradne nepatr\u00ed. \u201eM\u00f4j\u201c Toyen, ktor\u00fd je trans mu\u017e, by nemal negova\u0165 \u201ecudziu\u201c Toyen, ktor\u00e1 je napr\u00edklad lesbick\u00e1 \u017eena. Ako p\u00ed\u0161e Ladislav Jackson: \u201ePr\u00e1v\u011b otev\u0159enost v\u016f\u010di nejednozna\u010dnosti jej\u00edho\/jeho soukrom\u00ed, touhy a sebeidentifikace je to, v \u010dem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt d\u00edlo Toyen p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 v\u0161em.\u201c Nem\u00e1 zmysel p\u00fdta\u0165 sa, do ktor\u00e9ho \u201et\u00edmu\u201c Toyen patr\u00ed. \u201eM\u00e1 smysl se naopak pt\u00e1t, v \u010dem a pro\u010d je d\u00edlo Toyen tolik z\u00e1sadn\u00ed a identifikovateln\u00e9 ze strany transgender osob, lesbick\u00fdch \u017een a v ur\u010dit\u00e9m ohledu i dal\u0161\u00edch sexu\u00e1ln\u00edch men\u0161in.\u201c\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"760\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/06\/Toyen-Fotograf-Jan-Sudek-Praha-1930-Sukromna-zbierka-\u00a9-Galerie-Zdenek-Sklenar-2023-760x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4545\" srcset=\"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/06\/Toyen-Fotograf-Jan-Sudek-Praha-1930-Sukromna-zbierka-\u00a9-Galerie-Zdenek-Sklenar-2023-760x1024.jpg 760w, https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/06\/Toyen-Fotograf-Jan-Sudek-Praha-1930-Sukromna-zbierka-\u00a9-Galerie-Zdenek-Sklenar-2023-519x700.jpg 519w, https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/06\/Toyen-Fotograf-Jan-Sudek-Praha-1930-Sukromna-zbierka-\u00a9-Galerie-Zdenek-Sklenar-2023-1139x1536.jpg 1139w, https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/06\/Toyen-Fotograf-Jan-Sudek-Praha-1930-Sukromna-zbierka-\u00a9-Galerie-Zdenek-Sklenar-2023-1519x2048.jpg 1519w, https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/06\/Toyen-Fotograf-Jan-Sudek-Praha-1930-Sukromna-zbierka-\u00a9-Galerie-Zdenek-Sklenar-2023.jpg 1899w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 760px) 100vw, 760px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Toyen, Fotograf Jan Sudek, Praha 1930 S\u00fakromn\u00e1 zbierka \u00a9 Galerie Zden\u011bk Sklen\u00e1\u0159<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Autor: Richard L. Kram\u00e1r \/ FOTO: Galerie Zden\u011bk Sklen\u00e1\u0159 2023, Wikimedia Text sme prv\u00fd raz publikovali v \u010d\u00edsle Leto 2024. Toyen, \u010desk\u00fd umelec dvadsiateho storo\u010dia venuj\u00faci sa ma\u013ebe, kresbe, ilustr\u00e1cii a&nbsp;kol\u00e1\u017ei, patr\u00ed medzi popredn\u00e9 predstavite\u013eky eur\u00f3pskeho surrealizmu. Ich \u017eivotn\u00fd pr\u00edbeh je v&nbsp;posledn\u00fdch rokoch centrom obnoven\u00e9ho z\u00e1ujmu, nielen v\u010faka estetick\u00fdm kvalit\u00e1m jej diela, ale i&nbsp;kv\u00f4li jeho <a href=\"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/komu-patri-toyen-ambivalentne-identity-surrealistickeho-umelectva\/\" class=\"more-link\">&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":4545,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[260,258],"tags":[266,159,564,383,419],"class_list":["post-4499","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reportaze","category-vizualne-umenie","tag-from-qys","tag-queer-kultura","tag-toyen","tag-umelec","tag-vizualne-umenie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4499","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4499"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4499\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4547,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4499\/revisions\/4547"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4545"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4499"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4499"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4499"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}