{"id":4301,"date":"2023-12-14T12:32:42","date_gmt":"2023-12-14T11:32:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/?p=4301"},"modified":"2023-12-14T12:33:00","modified_gmt":"2023-12-14T11:33:00","slug":"z-duhoveho-javiska-do-kazdej-obyvacky-filmove-adaptacie-queer-divadla-ktore-zmenili-svet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/z-duhoveho-javiska-do-kazdej-obyvacky-filmove-adaptacie-queer-divadla-ktore-zmenili-svet\/","title":{"rendered":"Z d\u00fahov\u00e9ho javiska do ka\u017edej ob\u00fdva\u010dky: Filmov\u00e9 adapt\u00e1cie queer divadla, ktor\u00e9 zmenili svet"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Autorka: Zuzana Jak\u00fabkov\u00e1<\/strong> \/ FOTO: IMDB<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Text sme prv\u00fd raz publikovali v \u010d\u00edsle Jese\u0148 2023.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Od evol\u00facie uchopenia queer t\u00e9my cez tragick\u00e9 pr\u00edbehy po\u010das HIV pand\u00e9mie a\u017e po renesanciu gay muzik\u00e1lu \u2013 divadeln\u00e9 predlohy in\u0161pirovali niektor\u00e9 z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch diel modernej kinematografie.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dosky, ktor\u00e9 znamenaj\u00fa svet, l\u00e1kali queer publikum odnepam\u00e4ti. V modernej dobe telev\u00edzneho vysielania a streamovac\u00edch slu\u017eieb sa niektor\u00e9 oce\u0148ovan\u00e9 divadeln\u00e9 predstavenia dostali pred ove\u013ea v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed po\u010det div\u00e1kov, ako si ich tvorcovia kedy mohli predstavi\u0165. \u010ci u\u017e je to nap\u00e4t\u00e1 af\u00e9ra v u\u010dite\u013eskom zbore pod \u00fatokom homof\u00f3bov, bolestiv\u00e1 reakcia na stratu najbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch po\u010das epid\u00e9mie v 80. rokoch, alebo niektor\u00e9 z najikonickej\u0161\u00edch muzik\u00e1lov \u2013 adapt\u00e1cie divadeln\u00fdch hier prin\u00e1\u0161ali filmov\u00e9mu \u017e\u00e1nru v\u017edy potrebn\u00fa injekciu in\u0161pir\u00e1cie a vizu\u00e1lnej invencie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jednou z prv\u00fdch filmov\u00fdch adapt\u00e1ci\u00ed t\u00e9my homosexu\u00e1lnej l\u00e1sky bola sn\u00edmka Detsk\u00e1 hodinka<\/em> (The Children\u2019s Hour, 1963). Predloha z roku 1934 o intrig\u00e1ch na diev\u010denskej \u0161kole a o f\u00e1me o af\u00e9re medzi dvoma u\u010dite\u013ekami mala korene v skuto\u010dnom pr\u00edpade \u0161k\u00f3tskej \u0161koly, ktorej zakladate\u013eky podali v roku 1811 \u017ealobu za takzvan\u00fd libel alebo ohov\u00e1ranie, ktor\u00e9 viedlo k strate ekonomick\u00e9ho z\u00e1zemia. K\u00fdm divadeln\u00e1 hra odmietala t\u00fato klebetu ako lo\u017e s ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00fdm n\u00e1sledkom, filmov\u00e1 sn\u00edmka s Audrey Hepburn a Shirley MacLaine vzala vz\u0165ah medzi dvoma u\u010dite\u013ekami o nie\u010do v\u00e1\u017enej\u0161ie. Trag\u00e9dia od prvej sc\u00e9ny a\u017e po kla\u0148a\u010dku, Detsk\u00e1 hodinka<\/em> je dodnes u\u010debnicou dramatickej v\u00fdstavby nap\u00e4tia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S uvo\u013enen\u00edm Haysovho k\u00f3dexu sa na strieborn\u00e9 pl\u00e1tno kone\u010dne dostali pr\u00edbehy homosexu\u00e1lnych post\u00e1v bez odsudzovania \u010di tragick\u00e9ho konca. Najmarkantnej\u0161\u00edm z nich boli Chlapci z partie<\/em> (The Boys in the Band, 1970) opisuj\u00faci dve hodiny zo \u017eivota deviatich queer mu\u017eov, ktor\u00ed sa stretn\u00fa na oslave naroden\u00edn jedn\u00e9ho z nich. Star\u00e9 l\u00e1sky, ve\u010dn\u00e9 nepriate\u013estv\u00e1, zbyto\u010dn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ma a nevyhnutn\u00e1 \u00faprimnos\u0165 \u2013 to v\u0161etko \u0161okovalo a o\u010darilo div\u00e1kov nov\u00fdm poh\u013eadom na t\u00e9mu homosexu\u00e1lnych vz\u0165ahov a protagonistov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Predloha z pera Matta Crowleyho mala \u0165a\u017ek\u00fd p\u00f4rod \u2013 producenti nechceli podpori\u0165 hru o gay mu\u017eoch, herci sa ob\u00e1vali o svoju kari\u00e9ru. P\u00f4vodn\u00fdch p\u00e4\u0165 predstaven\u00ed v mali\u010dkom divadle sa v\u010faka \u00faspechu t\u00e9my rozr\u00e1stlo na 1001 repr\u00edz v jednej z najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch s\u00e1l newyorsk\u00e9ho Broadwaya. Medzi div\u00e1kmi bola vtedaj\u0161ia prv\u00e1 d\u00e1ma Jackie Kennedy aj hollywoodska hviezda Marlene Dietrich.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chlapci z partie<\/em> dramaticky zmenili sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm sa svet d\u00edval na gay mu\u017eov a ako sa oni d\u00edvali sami na seba. Mnoh\u00ed divadeln\u00ed historici vidia spojenie medzi premi\u00e9rou v apr\u00edli 1968 a \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fdmi Stonewallsk\u00fdmi nepokojmi za pr\u00e1va queer \u013eud\u00ed v j\u00fani 1969. Filmov\u00e1 adapt\u00e1cia, ktor\u00e1 pri\u0161la rok po rap\u00eddnej zmene atmosf\u00e9ry verejn\u00e9ho diskurzu o queer pr\u00e1vach, si u\u017e to\u013ek\u00fa pochvalu od publika nevysl\u00fa\u017eila \u2013 \u00fato\u010dnos\u0165 a vitriol Crowleyho scen\u00e1ra sa nehodil do sveta, \u201ekde u\u017e berieme gayov ako \u013eud\u00ed\u201c. V\u010faka \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9mu n\u00e1vratu divadelnej hry k 50. v\u00fdro\u010diu priniesol Netflix v roku 2020 vynoven\u00fa a vyvo\u0148an\u00fa adapt\u00e1ciu s presl\u00e1ven\u00fdmi menami ako Jim Parsons (Sheldon z Te\u00f3rie ve\u013ek\u00e9ho tresku<\/em>) a Zachary Quinto (Sylar z Hrdinov<\/em> alebo Vulk\u00e1nec Spock z nov\u00e9ho Star Treku<\/em>), ktor\u00fdch v\u00fdkony si ur\u010dite zasl\u00fa\u017eia pozornos\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osemdesiate roky boli trpk\u00fdm obdob\u00edm pre komunitu LGBT+ a pand\u00e9mia HIV sa stala n\u00e1metom viacer\u00fdch oce\u0148ovan\u00fdch hier. Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed rozruch sp\u00f4sobilo Norm\u00e1lne srdce<\/em> (The Normal Heart, 1985), autobiografick\u00e1 hra z pera americk\u00e9ho autora Larryho Kramera. \u201eNahnevan\u00fd Larry\u201c, ako ho priatelia i nepriatelia naz\u00fdvali, op\u00edsal bezmocnos\u0165 gay mu\u017eov po\u010das hurik\u00e1nu AIDS, ktor\u00fd pripravil ich najbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch o \u017eivoty, k\u00fdm spolo\u010dnos\u0165 sa ne\u010dinne prizerala. Nejasnosti o sp\u00f4sobe \u0161\u00edrenia HIV, rozbroje medzi umiernenej\u0161ou a nahnevanej\u0161ou frakciou queer aktivistickej sc\u00e9ny a predov\u0161etk\u00fdm z\u00fafalstvo z nezmyselnej smrti a utrpenia \u2013 to reflektuje aj filmov\u00e1 adapt\u00e1cia z produkcie HBO, kde Kramera stv\u00e1rnil Mark Ruffalo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S touto t\u00e9mou sa popasovala aj dvojdielna hra Anjeli v Amerike<\/em> z 1993 od Tonyho Kushnera, ktor\u00e1 obi\u0161la s n\u00e1ru\u010d\u00edm pln\u00fdm divadeln\u00fdch ocenen\u00ed, ako aj Pulitzerovej ceny za dr\u00e1mu. Metaforick\u00e1 hra sk\u00famaj\u00faca skryt\u00e9 \u017eivoty homosexu\u00e1lov v Amerike je najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm divadeln\u00fdm experimentom na tomto zozname \u2013 h\u0155stka hercov hr\u00e1 viacero post\u00e1v, komorn\u00fd dej nar\u00fa\u0161aj\u00fa pr\u00edchody anjelov a duchov a nespo\u010detn\u00e9 monol\u00f3gy skuto\u010dne pok\u00fa\u0161aj\u00fa trpezlivos\u0165 telev\u00edzneho div\u00e1ka. Seri\u00e1lov\u00e1 adapt\u00e1cia mala premi\u00e9ru na stanici HBO na desiate v\u00fdro\u010die hry a priviedla k svetskej\u0161\u00edm div\u00e1kom hereck\u00e9 hviezdy ako Al Pacina v \u00falohe presl\u00e1ven\u00e9ho pr\u00e1vnika a politick\u00e9ho lobistu Roya Cohna, Meryl Streepov\u00fa ako ducha ods\u00fadenej \u0161pi\u00f3nky Ethel Rosenbergovej a Emmu Thompsonov\u00fa ako anjela Ameriky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edm, zvu\u010dnej\u0161\u00edm a \u201eproste viac gay\u201c sub\u017e\u00e1nrom divadla s\u00fa muzik\u00e1ly a o ich adapt\u00e1ciu do filmovej verzie nebola n\u00fadza. Pionierom bola science-fiction kultovka The Rocky Horror Picture Show<\/em> z 1975, ktor\u00e1 stavala na \u00faspechu lond\u00fdnskeho muzik\u00e1lu z pera Richarda O\u2019Briena. Autor si jeho p\u00edsan\u00edm kr\u00e1til dlh\u00e9 zimn\u00e9 ve\u010dery a obdobie nezamestnanosti, no na rozdiel od J. K. Rowlingovej nec\u00edtil potrebu uchy\u013eova\u0165 sa k transf\u00f3bii \u2013 pr\u00e1ve naopak. Hoci v predlohe t\u00e9ma transvestizmu spl\u00fdvala s mot\u00edvom ve\u013ekoleposti rockov\u00fdch hviezd, filmov\u00e1 adapt\u00e1cia upriamila svetlo reflektorov na vyn\u00e1lezcu Dr. Frank-N-Furtera a jeho hru s rodovou expresiou. Tim Curry v korzete alebo detail na jeho pery okr\u00e1\u0161len\u00e9 krvav\u00fdm r\u00fa\u017eom s\u00fa \u00fastredn\u00fdm mot\u00edvom reklamn\u00fdch plag\u00e1tov tejto sn\u00edmky a hran\u00e1 verzia The Rocky Horror Show<\/em> je dodnes muzik\u00e1lom s jednou z najdlh\u0161ie nepreru\u0161en\u00fdch \u0161n\u00far predstaven\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obdobnej div\u00e1ckej popularite sa te\u0161\u00ed aj La Cage aux Folles<\/em> (1978), americk\u00e1 muzik\u00e1lov\u00e1 adapt\u00e1cia rovnomennej franc\u00fazskej filmovej tril\u00f3gie. Komedi\u00e1lna fra\u0161ka popisuje peripetie, ktor\u00e9 nastan\u00fa po strete majite\u013ea drag queen klubu a jeho partnera s ich ultrakonzervat\u00edvnou rodinou. Filmov\u00e1 adapt\u00e1cia Vt\u00e1\u010dia klietka<\/em> (The Birdcage, 1993) s Robinom Williamsom a Nathanom Laneom spojila absurdn\u00e9 komick\u00e9 situ\u00e1cie s posolstvom \u00faprimnosti a odvahy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Posledn\u00fdm d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm menom s neposledn\u00fdm miestom v dejin\u00e1ch queer divadla je Jonathan Larson, autor popul\u00e1rneho rockov\u00e9ho diela Rent<\/em> (1993). Muzik\u00e1l in\u0161pirovan\u00fd Pucciniho operou Boh\u00e9ma<\/em> sa s\u00fastred\u00ed na \u017eivoty chudobn\u00fdch newyorsk\u00fdch umelcov, ktor\u00ed pre neschopnos\u0165 uhradi\u0165 n\u00e1jom \u010delia vyhosteniu. Na ulici rozkvitaj\u00fa nov\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy, no z\u00e1rove\u0148 ich \u010dakaj\u00fa bolestiv\u00e9 rozchody a ve\u010dn\u00e9 rozl\u00fa\u010dky. Em\u00f3cie z oboch koncov spektra popisuje aj filmov\u00e1 adapt\u00e1cia z roku 2015, kde Rosario Dawson stv\u00e1rnila stript\u00e9rku Mimi a Anthony Rapp sa zhostil \u00falohy dokumentaristu Marka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nadanie Jonathana Larsona a n\u00e1mety z jeho \u017eivota, ktor\u00e9 sa objavili aj v jeho dielach, popisuje autobiografick\u00fd netflixov\u00fd muzik\u00e1l Tick Tick… Boom!<\/em>, v ktorom si \u00fastredn\u00fa \u00falohu zahral Andrew Garfield.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Autorka: Zuzana Jak\u00fabkov\u00e1 \/ FOTO: IMDB Text sme prv\u00fd raz publikovali v \u010d\u00edsle Jese\u0148 2023. Od evol\u00facie uchopenia queer t\u00e9my cez tragick\u00e9 pr\u00edbehy po\u010das HIV pand\u00e9mie a\u017e po renesanciu gay muzik\u00e1lu \u2013 divadeln\u00e9 predlohy in\u0161pirovali niektor\u00e9 z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch diel modernej kinematografie. Dosky, ktor\u00e9 znamenaj\u00fa svet, l\u00e1kali queer publikum odnepam\u00e4ti. V modernej dobe telev\u00edzneho vysielania a …<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":4302,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[256,6,258],"tags":[534,43,55,266,364,159],"class_list":["post-4301","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divadlo","category-pribehy-lgbti-ludi","category-vizualne-umenie","tag-adaptacie","tag-divadlo","tag-film","tag-from-qys","tag-muzikal","tag-queer-kultura"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4301","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4301"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4301\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4303,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4301\/revisions\/4303"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4302"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4301"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4301"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4301"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}