{"id":4174,"date":"2023-08-14T12:19:03","date_gmt":"2023-08-14T10:19:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/?p=4174"},"modified":"2023-08-16T11:01:15","modified_gmt":"2023-08-16T09:01:15","slug":"chcu-zakazat-drag-idealne-by-to-v-spojenych-statoch-vyzeralo-ako-v-18-a-19-storoci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/chcu-zakazat-drag-idealne-by-to-v-spojenych-statoch-vyzeralo-ako-v-18-a-19-storoci\/","title":{"rendered":"Chc\u00fa zak\u00e1za\u0165 drag: \u201eIde\u00e1lne by to v\u00a0Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch vyzeralo ako v\u00a018. a\u00a019. storo\u010d\u00ed\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Autorstvo: Dano Javoran<\/strong> \/ FOTO: Associated Press, Wikipedia Commons<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Text sme prv\u00fd raz publikovali v \u010d\u00edsle Leto 2023.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Drag mnoh\u00ed a mnoh\u00e9 pozn\u00e1me ako formu umenia, ktor\u00e1 sa hr\u00e1 s rodov\u00fdm prejavom, zv\u00fdraz\u0148uje a paroduje mu\u017eskos\u0165 a \u017eenskos\u0165 a u\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1s t\u00fdm, \u017ee nie v\u0161etko je tak\u00e9, ako sa na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead zd\u00e1. Drag pozn\u00e1me ako rozmanit\u00e9 umenie, ktor\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017ee prostredn\u00edctvom kom\u00e9die, m\u00f3dy, mejkapu, herectva aj tanca hravo kombinova\u0165 pr\u00edzemn\u00e9 so vzne\u0161en\u00fdm, smie\u0161ne s vysoko intelektu\u00e1lnym. Najnov\u0161ie ho v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017eeme pozna\u0165 aj ako predmet mor\u00e1lnej paniky. V Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch sa v tomto legislat\u00edvnom obdob\u00ed objavilo doposia\u013e a\u017e 41 n\u00e1vrhov, ktor\u00e9 by z r\u00f4znych drag \u0161ou spravili zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 umenie. Republik\u00e1nom v Tennessee, Arkansase, Montane a Texase sa niektor\u00e9 obmedzenia podarilo u\u017e aj odhlasova\u0165. Mor\u00e1lnu paniku oh\u013eadom dragu v\u0161ak len \u0165a\u017eko mo\u017eno oddeli\u0165 od \u0161ir\u0161ieho kontextu \u0165a\u017eenia proti queer a najm\u00e4 transrodov\u00fdm \u013eu\u010fom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pozri, kto sa sp\u00e1ja<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fa\u010dasnej vlne legislat\u00edvnych n\u00e1vrhov predch\u00e1dzali protesty zdola. Krajne pravicov\u00e9 skupiny ako Proud Boys a Patriot Front sa posledn\u00fd rok a pol pravidelne zhroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00fa pri priestoroch, v ktor\u00fdch sa maj\u00fa kona\u0165 drag podujatia. V m\u00e1ji napr\u00edklad maskovan\u00ed neonacisti protestovali proti podujatiu Drag Brunch v \u0161t\u00e1te Ohio skanduj\u00fac \u201eNo transgenders on our streets\u201c (\u201e\u017diadni transrodov\u00ed v na\u0161om meste\u201c) a dr\u017eiac n\u00e1pisy ako \u201eThere will be blood\u201c (\u201ePote\u010die krv\u201c). Nieko\u013eko drag podujat\u00ed u\u017e muselo by\u0165 zru\u0161en\u00fdch alebo pred\u010dasne ukon\u010den\u00fdch kv\u00f4li nahl\u00e1sen\u00fdm bomb\u00e1m, vyhr\u00e1\u017ekam smr\u0165ou \u010di h\u00e1dzaniu kame\u0148ov a dymovn\u00edc. Organiz\u00e1cia Institute for Strategic Dialogue sk\u00famaj\u00faca nen\u00e1vistn\u00fd extr\u00e9mizmus za posledn\u00fd rok zaznamenala a\u017e 203 tak\u00fdchto \u00fatokov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Olej do oh\u0148a prilieva aj r\u00e9torika pravicov\u00fdch medi\u00e1lnych osobnost\u00ed. Koment\u00e1tor Matt Walsh vyz\u00fdva na zatv\u00e1ranie drag umelcov a umelk\u00fd\u0148 do v\u00e4zenia, zatia\u013e \u010do jeho kolegy\u0148a Candace Owens by najrad\u0161ej videla rodi\u010dov, ktor\u00ed svoje deti zober\u00fa na drag \u0161ou, pozbaven\u00fdch rodi\u010dovsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v. Ke\u010f sa pred rokom v Kongrese konalo vypo\u010d\u00favanie v\u00fdboru, ktor\u00fd vy\u0161etruje povolebn\u00fd \u00fatok davu na Kapitol, konzervat\u00edvna telev\u00edzna stanica Fox News pod\u013ea zisten\u00ed organiz\u00e1cie Media Matters venovala vo vysielan\u00ed dvakr\u00e1t viac \u010dasu \u00fato\u010deniu na trans \u013eud\u00ed a drag umenie, ako vypo\u010d\u00favaniu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Odpor vo\u010di dragu v\u0161ak neostal len v Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch. O podujat\u00ed v Mn\u00edchove, na ktorom mala drag queen pred\u010d\u00edtava\u0165 de\u0165om knihy, sa miestni konzervat\u00edvni politici vyjadruj\u00fa ako o \u201enebezpe\u010denstve pre blaho det\u00ed\u201c. V Brne zas muselo by\u0165 podobn\u00e9 podujatie po \u0161tvavej kampani Aliance za rodinu presunut\u00e9 z verejnej kni\u017enice do s\u00fakromn\u00e9ho kina. A prv\u00e9 ohlasy tejto mor\u00e1lnej paniky si mo\u017eno v\u0161imn\u00fa\u0165 aj v slovensk\u00fdch konzervat\u00edvnych m\u00e9di\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 rady preberaj\u00fa krajne pravicov\u00e9 narat\u00edvy z Ameriky. Najnov\u0161ie v nich m\u00f4\u017eete n\u00e1js\u0165 aj zhrozenie z toho, \u017ee niektor\u00e9 drag podujatia Drama Queer s\u00fa financovan\u00e9 z Fondu pre podporu umenia. Nedajbo\u017ee by \u0161t\u00e1t financoval aj queer umenie!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u0161ade sam\u00fd sex?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ke\u010f sa sna\u017e\u00edte n\u00e1js\u0165 od\u00f4vodnenie tohto odporu, zist\u00edte, \u017ee v pravicovom diskurze je drag, tak ako v\u0161etko queer, nadmieru sexualizovan\u00fd. Mnoh\u00e9 z n\u00e1vrhov z\u00e1konov definuj\u00fa obmedzovan\u00e9 drag vyst\u00fapenia ako \u201evyvol\u00e1vaj\u00face sexu\u00e1lny z\u00e1ujem\u201c. Naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00ed argument z\u00e1stancov kriminaliz\u00e1cie je, \u017ee vystavovanie det\u00ed sexu\u00e1lnemu obsahu je \u0161kodliv\u00e9. Drag ale \u010dasto nie je sexu\u00e1lny ani inak nevhodn\u00fd pre deti. D\u00f4kazom s\u00fa mnoh\u00e9 akcie, vr\u00e1tane spomenut\u00fdch podujat\u00ed, kde drag queens len pred\u010d\u00edtavaj\u00fa detsk\u00e9 kni\u017eky o tolerancii. Napriek pozorovate\u013enej realite si v\u0161ak krajn\u00e1 pravica stoj\u00ed za t\u00fdm, \u017ee drag je sexu\u00e1lny vo svojej podstate. O vyst\u00fapeniach, kde s\u00fa drag queens zahalen\u00e9 prakticky od parochne a\u017e po op\u00e4tky, p\u00ed\u0161u nahnevan\u00e9 koment\u00e1re o \u201e\u00fachyloch\u201c a \u201epedofiloch\u201c. Ako povedal montansk\u00fd poslanec Braxton Mitchell: \u201ePod\u013ea m\u00f4jho skromn\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru neexistuje ni\u010d tak\u00e9, ako family-friendly drag \u0161ou.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Drag queen zadr\u017ean\u00e1 v bare v roku 1962<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n


Ch\u00e1panie queer umenia, \u017eivotov a ident\u00edt ako obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 a nevyhnutne sexu\u00e1lnych, nie je ni\u010d nov\u00e9. S t\u00fdm, \u017ee \u201ev posteli si m\u00f4\u017eeme robi\u0165, \u010do chceme, ale na ulicu d\u00fahov\u00e9 vlajky nepatria\u201c, sme sa v\u0161etci u\u017e niekedy stretli. Pre\u010do v\u0161ak queer \u013eu\u010fom nie je dovolen\u00e9 existova\u0165 bez toho, aby boli redukovan\u00ed na sexualitu?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jednu odpove\u010f pon\u00faka trans feministka a biologi\u010dka Julia Serano vo svojej knihe Sexed Up: How Society Sexualises Us, and How We Can Fight Back<\/em> (2022). P\u00ed\u0161e v nej o tom, ako si sexuol\u00f3govia v 19. storo\u010d\u00ed zaumienili sk\u00fama\u0165 rasov\u00e9 a sexu\u00e1lne men\u0161iny s cie\u013eom n\u00e1js\u0165 defekty, ktor\u00e9 z nich robia menejcenn\u00e9 bytosti oproti najvyvinutej\u0161iemu tvorovi, teda bielemu heterosexu\u00e1lnemu mu\u017eovi (len zhodou okolnost\u00ed podobn\u00e9mu typick\u00e9mu sexuol\u00f3govi tej doby). Predpoklad, \u017ee v\u00fdskumn\u00edci s\u00fa v hierarchii najvy\u0161\u0161ie, bol sprev\u00e1dzan\u00fd strachom z tzv. degener\u00e1cie, teda z obavy, \u017ee men\u0161iny m\u00f4\u017eu evol\u00faciu zvr\u00e1ti\u0165, ak ich sexualitu nikto nebude regulova\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Serano spom\u00edna r\u00f4zne stereotypy, ktor\u00e9 vznikli v d\u00f4sledku tohto predpojat\u00e9ho v\u00fdskumn\u00e9ho programu, ako napr\u00edklad, \u017ee \u010dierni mu\u017ei s\u00fa \u201esexu\u00e1lni agresori\u201c, v\u00fdchodo\u00e1zijsk\u00e9 \u017eeny \u201esubmis\u00edvne\u201c a queer \u013eudia \u201en\u00e1kazliv\u00ed pred\u00e1tori\u201c. Tieto stereotypy pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00fa dodnes, preto\u017ee stigmatizovan\u00e9 men\u0161iny st\u00e1le nie s\u00fa plne vn\u00edman\u00e9 ako \u013eudsk\u00e9 bytosti. Na rozdiel od t\u00fdch \u201evyvinutej\u0161\u00edch\u201c n\u00e1m m\u00e1 ch\u00fdba\u0165 mor\u00e1lka a racionalita, ktor\u00fdm by sme podria\u010fovali svoju sexualitu. A tak \u010doko\u013evek rob\u00edme, \u010di u\u017e je to dr\u017eanie sa za ruky, \u010d\u00edtanie kn\u00edh alebo tancovanie na p\u00f3diu, je to nielen sexu\u00e1lne podozriv\u00e9, ale aj predzves\u0165ou \u201ez\u00e1huby civiliz\u00e1cie\u201c. Nem\u00f4\u017ee to by\u0165 jednoducho \u013eudsk\u00e9<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejde len o drag<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak chceme pokusy o kriminaliz\u00e1ciu dragu pochopi\u0165, mus\u00edme sa na ne pozera\u0165 v kontexte \u0165a\u017eenia protirodov\u00e9ho hnutia najm\u00e4 proti trans \u013eu\u010fom. Zatia\u013e \u010do v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina drag umelcov a umelk\u00fd\u0148 nie je trans, mnoh\u00e9 z legislat\u00edvnych pokusov hovoria ve\u013emi \u0161iroko o z\u00e1kaze vyst\u00fapen\u00ed s rodov\u00fdm prejavom l\u00ed\u0161iacim sa od pohlavia prip\u00edsan\u00e9ho pri naroden\u00ed. Janu\u00e1rov\u00fd n\u00e1vrh zo Z\u00e1padnej Virg\u00ednie dokonca hovor\u00ed o z\u00e1kaze \u201evystavenia det\u00ed ak\u00fdmko\u013evek transrodov\u00fdm vyst\u00fapeniam\u201c, \u010do znie ako z\u00e1kaz transrodov\u00fdm \u013eu\u010fom v\u00f4bec existova\u0165 v pr\u00edtomnosti det\u00ed. N\u00e1vrhy obmedzuj\u00face drag prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch s\u00fabe\u017ene so stovkami \u010fal\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1vrhov namieren\u00fdch proti vzdel\u00e1vaniu o queer t\u00e9mach, dostupnosti zdravotnej starostlivosti pre trans \u013eud\u00ed a ich existencii vo verejnom priestore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Blaine Conzatti zo zdru\u017eenia Idaho Family Policy Center, ktor\u00e9 sa podie\u013ealo na tvorbe jedn\u00e9ho z antidrag n\u00e1vrhov, prezradil pre Vice News, \u010do je ich hlavn\u00fdm cie\u013eom: \u201eAby \u0161t\u00e1t v mor\u00e1lnych ot\u00e1zkach dodr\u017eiaval biblick\u00fd z\u00e1kon. Ide\u00e1lne by to v Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch vyzeralo ako v 18. a 19. storo\u010d\u00ed. Budeme tla\u010di\u0165, k\u00fdm biblick\u00e1 pravda a kres\u0165ansk\u00e1 mor\u00e1lka nebude vo veciach verejn\u00fdch prevl\u00e1daj\u00facou filozofiou.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vo svete riadiacom sa n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-konzervat\u00edvnymi ideol\u00f3giami by ve\u013ea miesta na rovnos\u0165 a slobodu neostalo. Drag nie je len slobodn\u00fdm prejavom, ale konkr\u00e9tne aj prejavom oslobodenia queer \u013eud\u00ed. Nar\u00fa\u0161a ka\u017edodennos\u0165 \u017eivota a samozrejmos\u0165 rodov\u00fdch rol\u00ed. M\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l prekon\u00e1va\u0165 tradi\u010dn\u00e9 narat\u00edvy o nadradenosti cisrodovosti a heterosexuality. A preto je tie\u017e hrozbou pre sny o bud\u00facnosti, v ktorej by sme sa vr\u00e1tili do minulosti. T\u00ed, \u010do tak\u00e9to sny sn\u00edvaj\u00fa, si to zrejme ve\u013emi dobre uvedomuj\u00fa.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Autorstvo: Dano Javoran \/ FOTO: Associated Press, Wikipedia Commons Text sme prv\u00fd raz publikovali v \u010d\u00edsle Leto 2023. Drag mnoh\u00ed a mnoh\u00e9 pozn\u00e1me ako formu umenia, ktor\u00e1 sa hr\u00e1 s rodov\u00fdm prejavom, zv\u00fdraz\u0148uje a paroduje mu\u017eskos\u0165 a \u017eenskos\u0165 a u\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1s t\u00fdm, \u017ee nie v\u0161etko je tak\u00e9, ako sa na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead zd\u00e1. Drag pozn\u00e1me ako rozmanit\u00e9 umenie, …<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":4175,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,10],"tags":[410,464,45,266],"class_list":["post-4174","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-queer-historia","category-kultura","tag-drag","tag-drag-kultura","tag-drag-queen","tag-from-qys"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4174","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4174"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4174\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4219,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4174\/revisions\/4219"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4175"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4174"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4174"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4174"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}