{"id":3531,"date":"2022-05-30T14:32:19","date_gmt":"2022-05-30T12:32:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/?p=3531"},"modified":"2022-05-31T18:56:49","modified_gmt":"2022-05-31T16:56:49","slug":"talianskych-gejov-poslali-do-vazenia-na-nadhernych-ostrovoch-vojnovy-pribeh-vysiel-ako-komiks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/talianskych-gejov-poslali-do-vazenia-na-nadhernych-ostrovoch-vojnovy-pribeh-vysiel-ako-komiks\/","title":{"rendered":"Talianskych gejov poslali do v\u00e4zenia na n\u00e1dhern\u00fdch ostrovoch. Vojnov\u00fd pr\u00edbeh vy\u0161iel ako komiks"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Autor: Marek Hudec<\/strong> \/ <strong>Foto: BRaK\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si rozhovor s autorom a autorkou grafick\u00e9ho rom\u00e1nu <em>V Taliansku s\u00fa iba prav\u00ed chlapi<\/em>. Luca De Santis a Sara Colaone spracovali trag\u00e9diu z \u010dias fa\u0161istick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bol to zabudnut\u00fd pr\u00edbeh, k\u00fdm spisovate\u013e Luca De Santis pred p\u00e1r rokmi neobjavil star\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo \u010dasopisu Babilonia, ktor\u00fd vyd\u00e1vala talianska queer komunita. Na\u0161iel v \u0148om rozhovor s pam\u00e4tn\u00edkom druhej svetovej vojny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vo fa\u0161istickom Taliansku Benito Mussolini verejnosti tvrdil, \u017ee homosexualitu nemus\u00ed postihova\u0165 z\u00e1konom: \u201eu n\u00e1s toti\u017e \u017eij\u00fa len prav\u00ed chlapi\u201c. V skuto\u010dnosti v\u0161ak gejov potajomky posielal do vyhnanstva na str\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 Tremitsk\u00e9 ostrovy. Vo v\u00e4zen\u00ed uprostred rozpr\u00e1vkovej pr\u00edrody \u010dakali na zvrhnutie re\u017eimu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201eZ rozhovoru s pam\u00e4tn\u00edkom Giovannim Dall\u2019Ortom bolo c\u00edti\u0165 boles\u0165, ktor\u00fa talianska vl\u00e1da nikdy neod\u0161kodnila. Star\u0161\u00ed p\u00e1n pod\u00e1val svoje spomienky drsne a poh\u0155davo, ale ob\u010das aj so zvl\u00e1\u0161tnou nostalgiou. T\u00e1to \u010dudn\u00e1 zmes pocitov n\u00e1s silno zasiahla,\u201c spom\u00edna si Luca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201ePr\u00edbeh uv\u00e4znen\u00fdch homosexu\u00e1lov bol prakticky nezn\u00e1my, vedelo o \u0148om iba p\u00e1r pozorn\u00fdch historikov a odborn\u00edkov na queer komunitu. N\u00e1\u0161 re\u0161er\u0161 za\u010dal pri dokumentoch r\u00edmskeho zdru\u017eenia ANPPIA, ktor\u00e9 sa zaober\u00e1 hist\u00f3riou perzek\u00faci\u00ed talianskych antifa\u0161istov, pokra\u010dovali sme arch\u00edvnymi z\u00e1znamami z osemdesiatych a dev\u00e4\u0165desiatych rokov, ako bol aj ten s p\u00e1nom Dall\u2019Ortom.\u201c Luca a ilustr\u00e1torka Sara Colaone potom str\u00e1vili nieko\u013eko dn\u00ed aj priamo na ostrove San Domino, aby sa pok\u00fasili nasa\u0165 atmosf\u00e9ru prostredia, v ktorom sa v\u00e4zenie nach\u00e1dzalo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ich skvel\u00fd komiks <em>V Taliansku s\u00fa iba prav\u00ed chlapi<\/em> spr\u00edstupnilo slovensk\u00e9mu \u010ditate\u013estvu vydavate\u013estvo BRaK, v preklade Miroslavy Vallovej, b\u00fdvalej riadite\u013eky Liter\u00e1rneho informa\u010dn\u00e9ho centra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/05\/04_-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"3534\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/05\/04_.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/?attachment_id=3534\" class=\"wp-image-3534\" srcset=\"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/05\/04_-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/05\/04_-700x700.jpg 700w, https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/05\/04_-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/05\/04_.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Oponu poodhrnuli, je na \u010dase ju celkom zdvihn\u00fa\u0165<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201eHlas uv\u00e4znen\u00fdch, tak\u00fd prenikav\u00fd kv\u00f4li nespravodlivosti, ktor\u00fa pre\u017eili, v n\u00e1s vyvol\u00e1val siln\u00fa potrebu ich pr\u00edbeh pripomen\u00fa\u0165. Bola to iskra, ktor\u00e1 prech\u00e1dza cel\u00fdm grafick\u00fdm rom\u00e1nom,\u201c vrav\u00ed Sara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201ePrekvapila n\u00e1s \u017eivotaschopnos\u0165 na\u0161ej knihy, akoby sme otvorili Pandorinu skrinku. \u010citate\u013esk\u00e9 reakcie na \u0148u sme nesk\u00f4r zverejnili ako ak\u00fdsi z\u00e1ver. Na rozdiel od predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facej kresby, ktor\u00e1 je v odtie\u0148och \u010diernej, bielej a \u017eltej, ich farebnos\u0165 sme sa rozhodli zmeni\u0165, aby pripom\u00ednala expl\u00f3ziu a vyjadrila tak pocity, ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1s zasypali po zverejnen\u00ed diela.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010citate\u013eom a \u010ditate\u013ek\u00e1m v r\u00f4znych krajin\u00e1ch, kde komiks vy\u0161iel, autor s autorkou hovorili, aby sa neb\u00e1li p\u00e1tra\u0165 po dejin\u00e1ch LGBTI+ \u013eud\u00ed po\u010das vojny. Im sa podarilo oponu poodhrn\u00fa\u0165, je v\u0161ak na\u010dase ju \u00faplne zdvihn\u00fa\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201eNie som historik, som scen\u00e1rista a nikdy by som si preto nemyslel, \u017ee v policajn\u00fdch dokumentoch n\u00e1jdem osobn\u00e9 listy, \u017eiadosti o pomoc, kab\u00e1t \u010di jedlo, z\u00e1znamy sm\u00fatku. Myslel som si, \u017ee n\u00e1jdem historick\u00fd materi\u00e1l, namiesto toho som uvidel \u017eivoty, ktor\u00e9 boli dramatick\u00e9, pohnut\u00e9, mne ve\u013emi bl\u00edzke,\u201c spom\u00edna si Luca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e1v\u0161teva Tremitsk\u00fdch ostrovov bola pre\u0148ho frustruj\u00faca, c\u00edtil sa straten\u00fd. Sna\u017eil sa lep\u0161ie porozumie\u0165 tomuto miestu, no nedarilo sa mu to. P\u00f4sobilo na\u0148ho idylicky, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 z neho c\u00edtil stigmu v\u00e4zenskej minulosti. Zva\u017eoval, \u010di sa m\u00e1 pri opise pevne prid\u0155\u017ea\u0165 dochovan\u00fdch zdrojov, alebo sa pok\u00fasi\u0165 o presved\u010div\u00fa liter\u00e1rnu rekon\u0161trukciu. Priklonil sa k druhej mo\u017enosti, preto\u017ee neexistuje ve\u013ea materi\u00e1lov, o ktor\u00e9 by sa dalo oprie\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201eZistili sme napr\u00edklad, \u017ee v\u00e4zni spali v spolo\u010dn\u00fdch noc\u013eah\u00e1r\u0148ach, ale niektor\u00e9 z nich u\u017e neexistuj\u00fa alebo sa odvtedy zmenili na nepoznanie. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tnos\u0165ou je i to, \u017ee na ostrovoch so sebesta\u010dn\u00fdm hospod\u00e1ren\u00edm v\u00e4zni de facto nemohli v\u00f4bec pracova\u0165, a\u017e na mal\u00e9 slu\u017eby dozorcom \u010di vypom\u00e1hanie na farm\u00e1ch sa museli zaopatri\u0165 ako vedeli. Ke\u010f\u017ee sme nemali \u017eiadne fotky ani videomateri\u00e1ly, museli sme vtedaj\u0161ie podmienky rekon\u0161truova\u0165 pod\u013ea neve\u013ek\u00e9ho po\u010dtu svedectiev, ktor\u00e9 si ob\u010das navz\u00e1jom protire\u010dili,\u201c vysvet\u013euje Luca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/05\/06_-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"3533\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/05\/06_.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/?attachment_id=3533\" class=\"wp-image-3533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/05\/06_-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/05\/06_-700x700.jpg 700w, https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/05\/06_-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/05\/06_.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Chlapci, ktor\u00ed st\u00e1le \u010dakali na lode<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00edbehy v\u00e4znen\u00fdch sa na seba \u010dasto podobali: za\u017e\u00edvali be\u017en\u00e9 t\u00fa\u017eby, cnelo sa im za domovom a svojimi milovan\u00fdmi, vyrovn\u00e1vali sa s hanbou, ktor\u00e1 postihla cel\u00fa ich rodinu, zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a v mal\u00fdch dedink\u00e1ch. \u201eMala som pocit, \u017ee \u010das na t\u00fdchto pr\u00edbehoch zanechal svoju patinu. Ve\u010dierky, z\u00e1bavy, karabinieri. V\u0161etko je to pravda, ale mo\u017eno \u010diasto\u010dne aj nie. Mus\u00edme sa ponori\u0165 hlb\u0161ie do spomienok a vytiahnu\u0165 z nich to skuto\u010dne autentick\u00e9 jadro. Cie\u013eom bolo uk\u00e1za\u0165 odolnos\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed, ich schopnos\u0165 by\u0165 srde\u010dn\u00ed a smia\u0165 sa, hoci im v\u0161etko vzali,\u201c uva\u017euje Sara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zd\u00e1 sa jej, akoby unesen\u00ed chlapci zostali kv\u00f4li vojnovej trag\u00e9dii zamrznut\u00ed v \u010dase. Pripom\u00edna sc\u00e9nu, kde sa jeden umieraj\u00faci hrdina c\u00edti straten\u00fd. P\u00fdta sa a vz\u00e1p\u00e4t\u00ed si aj odpoved\u00e1: Kde to sme? Zrejme e\u0161te st\u00e1le tam v pr\u00edstave a \u010dak\u00e1me na lode, ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1s vezm\u00fa domov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nacistick\u00e9 Nemecko homosexu\u00e1lov vyhladzovalo spolu so \u017didmi a \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi skupinami obyvate\u013estva. Oproti tomu osudy talianskych homosexu\u00e1lov p\u00f4sobia miernej\u0161ie, hoci Luca upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee st\u00e1le boli ve\u013emi n\u00e1siln\u00e9: \u201eBez s\u00fadu, bez prie\u0165ahov ich posielali do v\u00e4zenia. Pokrytectvo, zastra\u0161ovanie a ticho boli hlavn\u00fdmi n\u00e1strojmi pol\u00edcie, a teda talianski, na rozdiel od nemeck\u00fdch gejov, neboli nikdy od\u0161kodnen\u00ed ani ich trag\u00e9dia uznan\u00e1. Akoby ani neexistovali, a preto ani ich boles\u0165 a nespravodlivos\u0165. Keby proti homosexu\u00e1lom prijali ak\u00fdko\u013evek z\u00e1kon, vl\u00e1da by musela uzna\u0165, \u017ee s\u00fa tu, medzi nami. Len\u017ee t\u00e1to zdr\u017eanlivos\u0165, snaha o preml\u010danie, je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou talianskeho politick\u00e9ho diskurzu ve\u013emi dlho a plat\u00edme za to da\u0148.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Luca pripom\u00edna, \u017ee v Taliansku st\u00e1le gejovia a lesby nem\u00f4\u017eu vstupova\u0165 do man\u017eelstva, maj\u00fa len mo\u017enos\u0165 uzavrie\u0165 registrovan\u00e9 partnerstvo bez pr\u00e1va na zalo\u017eenie rodiny. V \u010dase uz\u00e1vierky \u010dasopisu talianska vl\u00e1da diskutovala o z\u00e1kone proti homof\u00f3bii a transf\u00f3bii. \u201eNaposledy bol zamietnut\u00fd a z\u00e1konodarcovia vtedy tlieskali: na\u010do by sme potrebovali tak\u00fd z\u00e1kon? To celkom pripom\u00edna Mussoliniho v\u00fdrok, v\u0161ak\u017ee?\u201c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Autor: Marek Hudec \/ Foto: BRaK\u00a0 Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si rozhovor s autorom a autorkou grafick\u00e9ho rom\u00e1nu V Taliansku s\u00fa iba prav\u00ed chlapi. Luca De Santis a Sara Colaone spracovali trag\u00e9diu z \u010dias fa\u0161istick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu. Bol to zabudnut\u00fd pr\u00edbeh, k\u00fdm spisovate\u013e Luca De Santis pred p\u00e1r rokmi neobjavil star\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo \u010dasopisu Babilonia, ktor\u00fd vyd\u00e1vala talianska queer komunita. <a href=\"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/talianskych-gejov-poslali-do-vazenia-na-nadhernych-ostrovoch-vojnovy-pribeh-vysiel-ako-komiks\/\" class=\"more-link\">&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":3532,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[261,257,6,12],"tags":[266,376,142,160,176],"class_list":["post-3531","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-komentare-a-analyzy","category-literatura","category-pribehy-lgbti-ludi","category-tipy","tag-from-qys","tag-komix","tag-queer","tag-queer-literatura","tag-recenzia"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3531","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3531"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3531\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3541,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3531\/revisions\/3541"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3532"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3531"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3531"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3531"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}