{"id":2305,"date":"2017-12-20T14:06:11","date_gmt":"2017-12-20T13:06:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/qys.sk\/?p=2305"},"modified":"2021-03-18T09:23:13","modified_gmt":"2021-03-18T08:23:13","slug":"imperativ-tepleho-aktivizmu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/imperativ-tepleho-aktivizmu\/","title":{"rendered":"Imperat\u00edv tepl\u00e9ho aktivizmu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Text: Martin Macko \/ Foto: Canva.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Arch\u00edvny text sme prv\u00fd raz publikovali v \u010d\u00edsle Zima 2017.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>San Francisk\u00fd radn\u00fd Harvey Milk (1930- 1978) vyzval dav na \u201eGay Freedom Day\u201c v 1978, aby sa vyoutovali: \u201eRaz a nav\u017edy odstr\u00e1\u0148te m\u00fdty, zni\u010dte klamstv\u00e1 a skreslenia. Pre va\u0161e dobro. Pre ich dobro.\u201c Milkova \u00favaha bola jednoduch\u00e1: ke\u010f si \u013eudia uvedomia, \u017ee ich priatelia, pr\u00edbuzn\u00ed a susedia s\u00fa tepl\u00ed, bude pre nich ove\u013ea \u0165a\u017e\u0161ie uva\u017eova\u0165 o americk\u00fdch gejoch a lesb\u00e1ch ako o \u201ein\u00fdch\u201c a z\u00e1klady bigotnosti sa rozpadn\u00fa. V na\u0161om prostred\u00ed u\u017e o p\u00e1r desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed sk\u00f4r vyjadril podobn\u00e9 presved\u010denie Imrich Maty\u00e1\u0161 (1896-1974), ktor\u00fd zd\u00f4raznil prirodzen\u00fd a nevtierav\u00fd sp\u00f4sob vyoutovania sa: \u201eNech s\u00fa hrd\u00ed! Ale sa nemaj\u00fa vystatova\u0165 so svoj\u00edm homosexu\u00e1lnym zalo\u017een\u00edm. Nech sa spr\u00e1vaj\u00fa tak ako \u201enorm\u00e1lni\u201c. T\u00ed sa so svoj\u00edm heterosexu\u00e1lnym zalo\u017een\u00edm nechv\u00e1lia, ale ani ho netaja.\u201c <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina LGBT \u013eud\u00ed v\u0161ak pod vplyvom odsudzovania spolo\u010dnosti poci\u0165ovala hanbu a ch\u00fdbalo jej aj vn\u00fatorne presved\u010denie o vlastnej hodnote rovnocennej ostatn\u00fdm. Komunita v USA bola a u n\u00e1s st\u00e1le je rozdelen\u00e1 v tom, \u010do od v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inovej spolo\u010dnosti po\u017eadova\u0165. Niektor\u00fdm sta\u010dilo, aby spolo\u010dnos\u0165 ignorovala alebo tolerovala ich spr\u00e1vanie, bez oh\u013eadu na to \u010di ho pova\u017eovala za nemor\u00e1lne alebo nie, v z\u00e1ujme hodn\u00f4t ako sloboda alebo ochrana s\u00fakromia. \u201eS k\u00fdm sp\u00edm alebo \u010do sa deje za dverami m\u00f4jho bytu, nem\u00e1 \u010do koho zauj\u00edma\u0165,\u201c zvykn\u00fa hovori\u0165. In\u00ed trvali na tom, \u017ee ich spr\u00e1vanie je mor\u00e1lne, \u017ee s\u00fa si rovn\u00ed v pr\u00e1vach a d\u00f4stojnosti s ostatn\u00fdmi  a teda maj\u00fa ma\u0165 pr\u00edstup k in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00e1m ako man\u017eelstvo, ktor\u00e9 sa z princ\u00edpu uzatv\u00e1raj\u00fa verejne. Tieto rozdielne pr\u00edstupy u n\u00e1s v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti vyjadruje aj zaradenie registrovan\u00fdch partnerstiev v programoch politick\u00fdch str\u00e1n: v kapitole Osobn\u00e9 slobody strany Sloboda a Solidarita a v kapitole S\u00fadr\u017en\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 strany Progres\u00edvne Slovensko. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina LGBT \u013eud\u00ed v\u0161ak pod<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V USA to bola spo\u010diatku sk\u00f4r sloboda ako rovnos\u0165, ktor\u00fa najm\u00e4 najpo\u010detnej\u0161ia \u010das\u0165 komunity \u2013 gejovia \u2013 vyzn\u00e1vala. Vznikali s\u00fakromn\u00e9 z\u00f3ny slobody mimo dosahu v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny: za dverami bytov, klubov, barov, s\u00e1un, \u010di geta (Gay Village). V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina sa ich nau\u010dila so zapchan\u00fdm nosom tolerova\u0165. Rizikom tohto pr\u00edstupu je, \u017ee neexistuje solidarita a s\u00fadr\u017enos\u0165 medzi v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou a men\u0161inou. V dobr\u00fdch \u010dasoch to nemus\u00ed a\u017e tak vadi\u0165, ale ke\u010f men\u0161inu zasiahne kr\u00edza, hroz\u00ed \u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina ju miesto pomoci bude ignorova\u0165. A kr\u00edza pri\u0161la v 80.-tych rokoch v podobe AIDS. Ak\u00e1ko\u013evek in\u00e1 epid\u00e9mia by vyvolala ove\u013ea razantnej\u0161iu reakciu vl\u00e1dy a ove\u013ea koncentrovanej\u0161ie \u00fasilie zastavi\u0165 umieranie. Ne\u010dinnos\u0165 bola dok\u00e1zate\u013ene sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 nevra\u017eivos\u0165ou vo\u010di homosexualite. Existenci\u00e1lna hrozba podnietila vznik efekt\u00edvnych a pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00facich foriem aktivizmu, ktor\u00e9 bud\u00fa nav\u017edy s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou pam\u00e4te LGBT komunity. Zmenu prior\u00edt najlep\u0161ie vystihuje burcuj\u00face heslo organiz\u00e1cie ACT UP Ticho = Smr\u0165. By\u0165 rovnocennou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou spolo\u010dnosti alebo ak chcete by\u0165 zahrnut\u00ed do spolo\u010denskej zmluvy a t\u00fdm sa vzda\u0165 \u010dasti svojho s\u00fakromia, je skuto\u010dne ot\u00e1zkou \u017eivota a smrti. V\u00fdskumy verejnej mienky hovoria jednozna\u010dne. Hlavn\u00fdm d\u00f4vodom, pre\u010do v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina za\u010dala akceptova\u0165 LGBTI \u013eud\u00ed ako rovnopr\u00e1vnu s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 spolo\u010dnosti v USA a vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine kraj\u00edn Eur\u00f3py, je \u017ee osobne spoznali LGBTI \u013eud\u00ed vo svojich rodin\u00e1ch, na pracovisk\u00e1ch, v \u0161kol\u00e1ch, v susedstve, v cirkevn\u00fdch spolo\u010denstv\u00e1ch, v \u0161portov\u00fdch t\u00edmoch a pod. Uk\u00e1zalo sa aj, \u017ee nie v\u017edy sta\u010d\u00ed len tento samotn\u00fd fakt. \u0160okuj\u00faci v\u00fdsledok referenda v Kalifornii v roku 2008 (bolo v mnohom predobrazom referenda v roku 2015 u n\u00e1s), v ktorom tesn\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina zak\u00e1zala man\u017eelstvo pre p\u00e1ry rovnak\u00e9ho pohlavia, bol predmetom mnoh\u00fdch v\u00fdskumov. \u010cas\u0165 z \u013eud\u00ed hlasuj\u00facich za z\u00e1kaz poznala osobne gejov a lesby a ke\u010f sa ich v\u00fdskumn\u00edci p\u00fdtali, pre\u010do hlasovali proti nim, vysvitlo, \u017ee t\u00edto s nimi nikdy nehovorili o tom, \u017ee by sa chceli vzia\u0165 alebo ma\u0165 t\u00fato mo\u017enos\u0165. Dospeli preto k z\u00e1veru, \u017ee to pre nich nie je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9. Organiz\u00e1cia Freedom to Marry preto musela doplni\u0165 Milkov imperat\u00edv: bu\u010f vyoutovan\u00fd\/\u00e1 a rozpr\u00e1vaj sa so svojimi zn\u00e1mymi o tom pre\u010do je pre teba man\u017eelstvo alebo in\u00e1 aktu\u00e1lna vec d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1. A z\u00e1rove\u0148 rozbehla kampa\u0148 zalo\u017een\u00fa na osobn\u00fdch pr\u00edbehoch \u201ePre\u010do na man\u017eelstve z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed\u201c. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/01\/tabulka_osob._poznanie-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2353\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Ak sa p\u00fdtame ako dosiahnu\u0165 zmenu postojov v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny k LGBT \u013eu\u010fom na Slovensku, tak je to tie\u017e jednozna\u010dne ich v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou vidite\u013enos\u0165ou. Pod\u013ea reprezentat\u00edvneho prieskumu agent\u00fary Focus pre Iniciat\u00edvu Inakos\u0165 z j\u00fana 2016 iba 35 % \u013eud\u00ed na Slovensku osobne pozn\u00e1 nejak\u00e9ho geja alebo lesbu. Aj po viac ako 26 rokoch demokracie a rozvoja ob\u010dianskej spolo\u010dnosti takmer dve tretiny \u013eud\u00ed na Slovensku nepoznaj\u00fa alebo nevedia o \u017eiadnom gejovi alebo lesbe v ich okol\u00ed. Rovnak\u00fd prieskum potvrdil d\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 osobnej sk\u00fasenosti pre zlep\u0161enie postavenia LGBT \u013eud\u00ed na Slovensku, ke\u010f iba 7,6 % \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed maj\u00fa osobn\u00fa sk\u00fasenos\u0165 s gejmi a lesbami uviedlo, \u017ee bola negat\u00edvna (6,3 % sk\u00f4r negat\u00edvna a len 1,3 % ve\u013emi negat\u00edvna). Zmenu prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa mlad\u00ed \u013eudia, z ktor\u00fdch u\u017e takmer 60 % osobne pozn\u00e1 gejov a lesby. Platforma \u017divotn\u00e9 partnerstvo m\u00e1 amb\u00edciu vies\u0165 dlhodob\u00fa kampa\u0148 zalo\u017een\u00fa na osobn\u00fdch pr\u00edbehoch, ktor\u00e1 bude len na to\u013eko efekt\u00edvna, ko\u013eko \u013eud\u00ed z komunity sa do nej zapoj\u00ed svoj\u00edm pr\u00edbehom alebo ju inak podpor\u00ed. Na z\u00e1ver si pripome\u0148me slov\u00e1 Imricha Maty\u00e1\u0161a z pred vy\u0161e polstoro\u010dia: \u201eS\u00fadr\u017enos\u0165 a vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9 pom\u00e1hanie vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u0165a\u017ekostiach nech je kr\u00e9dom v\u0161etk\u00fdch homosexu\u00e1lnych. V\u017edy a v\u0161ade nech vystupuj\u00fa sebavedome. Na ich tv\u00e1ri nech sa zrkadl\u00ed sebavedomie, istota a vedomie svojej \u010destnosti a pocitu o dobre vykonanej pr\u00e1ci pre spolo\u010dnos\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/01\/tabulka_osob._skusenost-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2354\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>San Francisk\u00fd radn\u00fd Harvey Milk (1930- 1978) vyzval dav na \u201eGay Freedom Day\u201c v 1978, aby sa vyoutovali: \u201eRaz a nav\u017edy odstr\u00e1\u0148te m\u00fdty, zni\u010dte klamstv\u00e1 a skreslenia. Pre va\u0161e dobro. Pre ich dobro.\u201c <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":2372,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[261,9],"tags":[103,142,149],"class_list":["post-2305","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-komentare-a-analyzy","category-queer-historia","tag-lgbtq","tag-queer","tag-queer-historia"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2305","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2305"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2305\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2639,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2305\/revisions\/2639"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2372"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2305"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2305"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2305"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}