{"id":2122,"date":"2019-10-07T09:23:32","date_gmt":"2019-10-07T07:23:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/qys.sk\/?p=2122"},"modified":"2019-10-07T09:23:32","modified_gmt":"2019-10-07T07:23:32","slug":"poradna-tepli-ludia-tercom-nenavisti-na-internete","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/poradna-tepli-ludia-tercom-nenavisti-na-internete\/","title":{"rendered":"Porad\u0148a: Tepl\u00ed \u013eudia ter\u010dom nen\u00e1visti na internete"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Autor textu: Andrej Kuruc \/ Foto: Tepl\u00e1 vlna<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Arch\u00edvny text sme prv\u00fd raz publikovali v \u010d\u00edsle Jese\u0148 2019.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>23.9. 2019 sa uskuto\u010dnila diskusia pod n\u00e1zvom Tepl\u00ed \u013eudia ter\u010dom nen\u00e1visti, ktorej sa z\u00fa\u010dastnili Vladim\u00edr \u0160n\u00eddl z\u00a0Denn\u00edka N a\u00a0Danile Milo z\u00a0Globsecu. Preto v\u00a0r\u00e1mci poradne by sme radi poskytli inform\u00e1cie, \u010do robi\u0165 ke\u010f ste ter\u010dom nen\u00e1visti v\u00a0online priestore.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u010co je verb\u00e1lny nen\u00e1vistn\u00fd prejav na internete (z angl. cyberhate speech)?&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Verb\u00e1lny nen\u00e1vistn\u00fd prejav je ka\u017ed\u00e1 forma komunik\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e1 akt\u00edvne roz\u0161iruje nen\u00e1vistn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy o&nbsp;osobe alebo skupine a ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee podnecova\u0165, alebo ospravedl\u0148ova\u0165 n\u00e1silie, alebo predsudky vo vz\u0165ahu k&nbsp;osobe, alebo skupine, alebo vies\u0165 k&nbsp;pocitom pon\u00ed\u017eenia a&nbsp;ubl\u00ed\u017eenia. Ter\u010dom s\u00fa oby\u010dajne osoby, alebo skupiny&nbsp; vzh\u013eadom&nbsp; na ich&nbsp; napr. sexu\u00e1lnu orient\u00e1ciu, rasu, rod, etnicitu, zdravotn\u00e9 znev\u00fdhodnenie, vierovyznanie a&nbsp;in\u00e9. Prebieha vo virtu\u00e1lnom priestore po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch siet\u00ed s vyu\u017eit\u00edm r\u00f4znych slu\u017eieb a n\u00e1strojov, ako s\u00fa email, \u010daty, diskusn\u00e9 f\u00f3ra, soci\u00e1lne siete, str\u00e1nky na zverej\u0148ovanie fotografi\u00ed a vide\u00ed, blogy at\u010f..<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1ve lesby, gejovia, bisexu\u00e1lni, transrodov\u00ed&nbsp; a&nbsp;interseu\u00e1lni \u013eudia s\u00fa \u010dasto cie\u013eom verb\u00e1lnych \u00fatokov na internete a soci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach.&nbsp; Vzh\u013eadom na predsudky aj v&nbsp;bl\u00edzkom okol\u00ed LGBTI \u013eudia \u010dasto skr\u00fdvaj\u00fa svoju identitu,&nbsp; a&nbsp;preto je pre nich ove\u013ea \u0165a\u017e\u0161ie tak\u00e9to \u00fatoky rie\u0161i\u0165 s&nbsp;bl\u00edzkymi \u013eu\u010fmi. Pod\u013ea prieskumu Agent\u00fary pre z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 pr\u00e1va, a\u017e 65% LGBTI \u013eud\u00ed za\u017e\u00edva nen\u00e1vistn\u00e9 prejavy a&nbsp;averzie vo vz\u0165ahu k&nbsp;ich skupine, medzi ne patria aj nen\u00e1vistn\u00e9 prejavy na internete.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa aj pojmy ako kyber\u0161ikonovanie a&nbsp;kyberprenasledovanie:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Kyber\u0161ikanovanie (internetov\u00e9 \u0161ikanovanie): forma \u0161ikanovania, pri ktorej sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa nov\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie. \u0160ikanovanie je pou\u017eitie sily, alebo n\u00e1tlaku s&nbsp;cie\u013eom zneu\u017e\u00edvania, alebo zastra\u0161ovania osoby.<\/li><li>Kybernetick\u00e9 prenasledovanie (online prenasledovanie): neust\u00e1le sledovanie niekoho vo virtu\u00e1lnom prostred\u00ed, \u010dasto spojen\u00e9 s ob\u0165a\u017eovan\u00edm, vyhr\u00e1\u017ean\u00edm a zastra\u0161ovan\u00edm.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Ako vyzeraj\u00fa verb\u00e1lne nen\u00e1vistn\u00e9 prejavy na internete?&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Na chate spr\u00e1va: <em>\u201eLen jedno v\u00e1m chcem nap\u00edsa\u0165 ste odpad tejto spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00fd sa d\u00e1 podplati\u0165 a&nbsp;nerozm\u00fd\u0161\u013ea vlastnou hlavou.\u201c<\/em><\/li><li>Koment\u00e1r na facebooku: \u201e<em>ste buzeranti a rozvraca\u010di \u017eivota, budete sa sma\u017ei\u0165 u&nbsp;satana\u201c<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u010co sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa verb\u00e1lne nen\u00e1vistn\u00e9 prejavy na internete?&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u013dudia uverej\u0148uj\u00fa online spr\u00e1vy a koment\u00e1re&nbsp; bez opatrn\u00e9ho zva\u017eovania, alebo poznatkov, \u010do to m\u00f4\u017ee znamena\u0165 pre in\u00e9ho \u010dloveka.<\/li><li>Aj ke\u010f s\u00fa tak\u00e9to spr\u00e1vy vo virtu\u00e1lnom priestore a&nbsp;vzbudzuj\u00fa pocit anonymity, treba si uvedomi\u0165, \u017ee maj\u00fa skuto\u010dn\u00e9 publikom a&nbsp;skuto\u010dn\u00fd vplyv na konkr\u00e9tnych \u013eud\u00ed.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Verb\u00e1lne nen\u00e1vistn\u00e9 prejavy s\u00fa pre konkr\u00e9tnych \u013eud\u00ed zra\u0148uj\u00face a&nbsp;m\u00f4\u017eu im sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 zdravotn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my a&nbsp;probl\u00e9my v&nbsp;\u017eivote.&nbsp;<\/li><li>M\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 nepr\u00edjemn\u00fd efekt na LGBTI komunitu, tak\u00e9to slov\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017eu zrani\u0165 najm\u00e4 mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa v&nbsp;poz\u00edcii h\u013eadania svojej identity.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010co robi\u0165 v pr\u00edpade ak sa vyskytne na internete verb\u00e1lny nen\u00e1vistn\u00fd prejav?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Zdie\u013eanie sk\u00fasenost\u00ed s&nbsp;in\u00fdmi, v\u00e1m m\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165 ohodnoti\u0165 obsah verb\u00e1lneho nen\u00e1vistn\u00e9ho prejavu, ako aj podeli\u0165 sa o&nbsp;va\u0161e pocity. Sebaobvi\u0148ovanie nie je dobr\u00e9.&nbsp;<\/li><li>M\u00f4\u017eete sa tie\u017e obr\u00e1ti\u0165 na odborn\u00edkov a&nbsp;odborn\u00ed\u010dky, ktor\u00ed rie\u0161ia aj probl\u00e9my s&nbsp;verb\u00e1lnymi nen\u00e1vistn\u00fdmi prejavmi.&nbsp; V&nbsp;pr\u00edpade LGBTI \u013eud\u00ed to m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 napr\u00edklad&nbsp; Inporad\u0148a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.inporadna.sk\">www.inporadna.sk<\/a>, ktor\u00e1 poskytuje pr\u00e1vne, psychologick\u00e9 a&nbsp;soci\u00e1lne poradenstvo pre LGBTI \u013eud\u00ed.&nbsp;<\/li><li>\u010eal\u0161ia mo\u017enos\u0165 dostupn\u00e1 online, je nahl\u00e1si\u0165 verb\u00e1lny nen\u00e1vistn\u00fd prejav cez r\u00f4zne monitorovacia str\u00e1nky a&nbsp;prieskumy. Cez r\u00f4zne webstr\u00e1nky, m\u00e1te mo\u017enos\u0165 zdie\u013ea\u0165 sk\u00fasenosti, alebo zbiera\u0165 d\u00e1ta. Cez zbieranie d\u00e1t, relevantn\u00ed akt\u00e9ri vedia, kam zamera\u0165 svoje aktivity s&nbsp;cie\u013eom bojova\u0165 vo\u010di verb\u00e1lnym nen\u00e1vistn\u00fdm prejavom. To sa m\u00f4\u017ee udia\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou aj anonymne.&nbsp; i\u0165 verb\u00e1lny nen\u00e1vistn\u00fd prejav na internete cez str\u00e1nku&nbsp; <a href=\"http:\/\/stopline.sk\/sk\/component\/report\">http:\/\/stopline.sk\/sk\/component\/report<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Poskytovatelia internetov\u00fdch slu\u017eieb a&nbsp;prev\u00e1dzkovatelia soci\u00e1lnych siet\u00ed maj\u00fa svoje podmienky vyu\u017e\u00edvania slu\u017eieb (z angl. terms of use)&nbsp; a&nbsp;vhodn\u00fa politiku u\u017e\u00edvania slu\u017eieb (z angl. acceptable use of policy), ktor\u00e9 oby\u010dajne zakazuj\u00fa verb\u00e1lne nen\u00e1vistn\u00e9 prejavy. Maj\u00fa k&nbsp;dispoz\u00edcii mo\u017enos\u0165 nahl\u00e1si\u0165 tak\u00fdto prejav. Tak\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom mo\u017eno regulova\u0165 nen\u00e1vistn\u00fd obsah na internete a&nbsp;soci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach a&nbsp;odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 ho. Preto je dobr\u00e9 ho vyu\u017ei\u0165, lebo to tie\u017e pom\u00e1ha kultivova\u0165 internetov\u00e9 prostredie.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Takisto je mo\u017en\u00e9 posla\u0165 spr\u00e1vu resp. list administr\u00e1torovi, ktor\u00fd spravuje webstr\u00e1nku, na ktorej sa vyskytol nen\u00e1vistn\u00fd prejav napr. v&nbsp;uverejnen\u00fdch blogoch.&nbsp;<\/li><li>V&nbsp;pr\u00edpade osobn\u00fdch spr\u00e1v, ak\u00fdko\u013evek verb\u00e1lny nen\u00e1vistn\u00fd prejav&nbsp; rie\u0161te okam\u017eite. \u010c\u00edm dlh\u0161ie situ\u00e1ciu nech\u00e1vate tak, t\u00fdm sa m\u00f4\u017ee zhor\u0161ova\u0165 a jej n\u00e1sledky m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 z\u00e1va\u017enej\u0161ie. V prvom rade dajte vedie\u0165 agresorovi, \u017ee v\u00e1m jeho spr\u00e1vanie prek\u00e1\u017ea a ak s t\u00fdm neprestane, podniknete \u010fal\u0161ie kroky. \u010ealej v\u0161ak s&nbsp;n\u00edm\/s \u0148ou nekomunikujte, ni\u010d mu nevysvet\u013eujte, nepresvied\u010dajte ho.<\/li><li>Aj ke\u010f si agresori myslia, \u017ee zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa anonymn\u00ed, nie je to celkom tak. Pri akejko\u013evek \u010dinnosti vo virtu\u00e1lnom priestore zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa stopy, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu posl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 bu\u010f na identifik\u00e1ciu p\u00e1chate\u013ea, alebo ako d\u00f4kaz o&nbsp;\u010dine, preto je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 si v\u0161etky spr\u00e1vy a&nbsp;maily uchov\u00e1va\u0165.<\/li><li>Z&nbsp;h\u013eadiska trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona m\u00f4\u017ee \u00eds\u0165 v&nbsp;tomto pr\u00edpade o&nbsp;podnecovanie k&nbsp;n\u00e1rodnostnej, rasovej a&nbsp;etnickej nen\u00e1visti, kedy ke\u010f niekto verejne podnecuje k&nbsp;n\u00e1siliu alebo nen\u00e1visti vo\u010di skupine os\u00f4b alebo jednotlivcovi pre ich skuto\u010dn\u00fa alebo domnel\u00fa pr\u00edslu\u0161nos\u0165 k&nbsp;niektorej rase, n\u00e1rodu, n\u00e1rodnosti, etnickej skupine, pre ich skuto\u010dn\u00fd alebo domnel\u00fd p\u00f4vod, farbu pleti, sexu\u00e1lnu orient\u00e1ciu, politick\u00e9 presved\u010denie, n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 vyznanie alebo preto, \u017ee s\u00fa bez vyznania, alebo verejne podnecuje k&nbsp;obmedzovaniu ich pr\u00e1v a&nbsp;slob\u00f4d, potrest\u00e1 sa od\u0148at\u00edm slobody a\u017e na tri roky.&nbsp;<\/li><li>M\u00f4\u017eete sa obr\u00e1ti\u0165&nbsp; priamo na Pol\u00edciu SR&nbsp; s&nbsp;trestn\u00fdm ozn\u00e1men\u00edm, alebo nahl\u00e1si\u0165 nen\u00e1vistn\u00fd obsah aj anonymne &nbsp;emailom na&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:extrem@minv.sk\">extrem@minv.sk<\/a>. In\u0161trukcie ako poda\u0165 trestn\u00e9 ozn\u00e1menie n\u00e1jdete napr\u00edklad tu: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.najpravo.sk\/rady-a-vzory\/rady-pre-kazdeho\/t\/ako-podat-trestne-oznamenie.html\">http:\/\/www.najpravo.sk\/rady-a-vzory\/rady-pre-kazdeho\/t\/ako-podat-trestne-oznamenie.html<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>U\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 odkazy a pou\u017eit\u00e9 zdroje:<\/p><p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.inporadna.sk\">www.inporadna.sk<\/a>\u00a0<\/p><p>ANSO 2013. Tollkit on Combating LGBTQ directed hate speech online. Dostupn\u00e9 na: <a href=\"https:\/\/ansoblog.files.wordpress.com\/2013\/04\/ansotoolkitfinal.pdf\">https:\/\/ansoblog.files.wordpress.com\/2013\/04\/ansotoolkitfinal.pdf<\/a><\/p><p>Bihariov\u00e1 I. 2012. Cyberhate \u2013 nen\u00e1vis\u0165 na internete. Dostupn\u00e9 na: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.beznenavisti.sk\/wp-content\/themes\/beznenavisti\/podklady-a-materialy\/Cyberhate-Nenavist-na-internete.pdf\">http:\/\/www.beznenavisti.sk\/wp-content\/themes\/beznenavisti\/podklady-a-materialy\/Cyberhate-Nenavist-na-internete.pdf<\/a><\/p><p>Gregusov\u00e1 M, Drobn\u00fd M. 2012. Deti v\u00a0sieti. Dostupn\u00e9 na: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.beznenavisti.sk\/wp-content\/themes\/beznenavisti\/podklady-a-materialy\/Deti_v_sieti.pdf\">http:\/\/www.beznenavisti.sk\/wp-content\/themes\/beznenavisti\/podklady-a-materialy\/Deti_v_sieti.pdf<\/a><\/p><p>Trestn\u00fd z\u00e1kon\u00a0 \u010d. 300\/2005\u00a0Z.\u00a0z. v\u00a0znen\u00ed neskor\u0161\u00edch predpisov\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>23.9. 2019 sa uskuto\u010dnila diskusia pod n\u00e1zvom Tepl\u00ed \u013eudia ter\u010dom nen\u00e1visti, ktorej sa z\u00fa\u010dastnili Vladim\u00edr \u0160n\u00eddl z Denn\u00edka N a Danile Milo z Globsecu. Preto v r\u00e1mci poradne by sme radi poskytli inform\u00e1cie, \u010do robi\u0165 ke\u010f ste ter\u010dom nen\u00e1visti v online priestore. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2124,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,13],"tags":[135],"class_list":["post-2122","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tipy","category-viditelnost","tag-poradna"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2122","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2122"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2122\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2124"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2122"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2122"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2122"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}