{"id":2058,"date":"2019-05-05T10:24:01","date_gmt":"2019-05-05T08:24:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/qys.sk\/?p=2058"},"modified":"2021-03-18T09:08:47","modified_gmt":"2021-03-18T08:08:47","slug":"queer-ikona-keith-haring-upozornoval-na-aids-ked-mocnych-nezaujimal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/queer-ikona-keith-haring-upozornoval-na-aids-ked-mocnych-nezaujimal\/","title":{"rendered":"Queer ikona: Keith Haring upozor\u0148oval na AIDS, ke\u010f mocn\u00fdch nezauj\u00edmal"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Foto: Albertina<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arch\u00edvny text sme prv\u00fd raz publikovali v \u010d\u00edsle Jar 2019.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Jedna z ved\u00facich osobnost\u00ed popartu by osl\u00e1vila nedo\u017eit\u00e9 jubileum. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fdm in\u00ed ma\u013eovali krajinky a in\u0161pirovali sa v\u00fdtvarn\u00fdmi trendmi star\u00fdmi storo\u010dia, americk\u00fd mlad\u00edk Keith Haring tr\u00e1vil svoje dni sledovan\u00edm newyorsk\u00fdch ul\u00edc. O\u010darilo ho, ako sprejeri spestrovali steny pod mostami, rozm\u00fd\u0161\u013eal, ako dosta\u0165 umenie na zast\u00e1vky metra, \u010d\u00edtal komiksy a h\u00fatal, ako tvori\u0165 diela, ktor\u00e9 nebud\u00fa len pre vrstvu najbohat\u0161\u00edch, ale aj pre vodi\u010dov autobusu a predava\u010dky vo ve\u010dierke. Umenie je pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch, tvrdil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vym\u00fd\u0161\u013eal si vlastn\u00fa abecedu, syst\u00e9m grafick\u00fdch symbolov, ktor\u00e9 bud\u00fa zrozumite\u013en\u00e9 a bud\u00fa m\u00f4c\u0165 jednoducho vyjadrova\u0165 zlo\u017eit\u00e9 spolo\u010densk\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. \u0160tudoval r\u00f4zne formy \u013eudskej komunik\u00e1cie, \u010d\u00edtal Te\u00f3riu semiotiky od Umberta Eca a predpokladal, \u017ee ke\u010f to dok\u00e1zali Egyp\u0165ania pred tis\u00edckami rokov s hieroglyfmi, dok\u00e1\u017ee to aj on \u2013 a mal pravdu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e1ve preto, ke\u010f minul\u00fd rok viedensk\u00e1 Albertina predstavila \u00fa\u017easn\u00fa retrospekt\u00edvnu v\u00fdstavu jeho diel, nazvala ju Alphabet \u2013 Abeceda. N\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edkom vysvet\u013eovala, \u010do znamenali jednotliv\u00e9 \u201ep\u00edsmen\u00e1\u201c: naivn\u00e9, priam detinsk\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky delf\u00ednov, lietaj\u00facich tanierov, zvierat, b\u00e1b\u00e4tiek, telev\u00edzorov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdstava osl\u00e1vila, \u017ee Haring by v m\u00e1ji minul\u00e9ho roka osl\u00e1vil nedo\u017eit\u00e9 jubileum, ale aj to, \u017ee po smrti Andyho Warhola sa v roku 1987 na ist\u00fd \u010das pr\u00e1ve on stal ved\u00facou osobnos\u0165ou umeleck\u00e9ho smeru popart. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hoci ho desila studen\u00e1 vojna, kreslil at\u00f3mov\u00e9 hr\u00edby a otriasla n\u00edm smr\u0165 Johna Lennona, jedna t\u00e9ma Haringa ako otvorene homosexu\u00e1lneho mu\u017ea v osemdesiatych rokoch tr\u00e1pila najviac \u2013 a to predsudky, ktor\u00e9 mala majorita vo\u010di LGBTI komunite, a epid\u00e9mia AIDS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bol jedn\u00fdm z\u00a0m\u00e1la umelcov, ktor\u00fd sk\u013abil komer\u010dne \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9 v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9 umenie a\u00a0spolo\u010densk\u00fd, ba niekedy priam a\u017e politick\u00fd aktivizmus. Ako jeden z\u00a0m\u00e1la sl\u00e1vnych umelcov sa neb\u00e1l o\u00a0svojej sexualite hovori\u0165.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

St\u00e1le mu hrozilo zatknutie<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fdm sa stal umeleckou ikonou a musel sa zmieri\u0165 s t\u00fdm, \u017ee ho \u010doraz viac verejnos\u0165 sleduje, mnoh\u00ed ho mali za vandala. Nez\u00e1konne vracal umenie do verejn\u00e9ho priestoru a neust\u00e1le mu hrozilo zatknutie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O umenie sa za\u010dal zauj\u00edma\u0165 ve\u013emi skoro. Jeho otec bol karikaturista \u2013 amat\u00e9r \u2013 a pod\u013ea jeho vzoru Haring kreslil postavi\u010dky z \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fdch rozpr\u00e1vok od Walta Disneyho alebo Looney Tunes. U\u017e na z\u00e1kladnej \u0161kole v slohovej pr\u00e1ci vyslovil svoj sen: \u201eKe\u010f vyrastiem, chcem by\u0165 umelcom v Par\u00ed\u017ei. Pre\u010do? Lebo r\u00e1d kresl\u00edm. Peniaze by som dost\u00e1val za umenie \u2013 d\u00fafam, \u017ee sa mi to podar\u00ed a budem jedn\u00fdm z vyvolen\u00fdch,\u201c cituje pr\u00e1cu magaz\u00edn The Huffington Post. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako t\u00edned\u017eer Haring cestoval po Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch a pred\u00e1val tri\u010dk\u00e1 namieren\u00e9 proti prezidentovi Richardovi Nixonovi, ktor\u00e9 si s\u00e1m nakreslil. Ke\u010f sa pres\u0165ahoval do New Yorku, okrem \u0161t\u00fadia ho vtiahol svet no\u010dn\u00fdch klubov a zamestnal sa ako um\u00fdva\u010d riadov. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Verejnos\u0165 sa za\u010dala zauj\u00edma\u0165 o jeho tvorbu, ke\u010f sa dostala na steny metra. Enigmatick\u00e9 hieroglyfy nakreslen\u00e9 kriedou p\u00fatali pozornos\u0165, okoloid\u00faci h\u00e1dali, \u010do znamenaj\u00fa. Haring sa \u010doskoro skamar\u00e1til s umeleckou smot\u00e1nkou, medzi in\u00fdmi aj s Madonnou. \u201eV Keithovom diele je dos\u0165 ir\u00f3nie, rovnako ako v tom mojom, pr\u00e1ve to ma k jeho umeniu pritiahlo,\u201c vyjadrila sa sl\u00e1vna spev\u00e1\u010dka. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010coskoro pri\u0161lo bohatstvo, no Haringa peniaze a\u017e tak nezauj\u00edmali, sk\u00f4r ho odpudzovali. V zbierke denn\u00edkov\u00fdch z\u00e1piskov, ktor\u00e9 prinieslo pred p\u00e1r rokmi \u010desk\u00e9 vydavate\u013estvo Kniha Zl\u00edn, kritizuje umeleck\u00fdch obchodn\u00edkov. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nep\u00e1\u010dilo sa mu, \u017ee mnoh\u00ed jeho obrazy kupovali len preto, aby na nich zarobili. T\u00ed naj\u0161ikovnej\u0161\u00ed \u0161pekulanti zar\u00e1bali na jeho umen\u00ed ove\u013ea viac ne\u017e samotn\u00fd tvorca. U\u017e ako 22-ro\u010dn\u00fd mohol so svojimi v\u00fdstavami cestova\u0165 po celom svete. Denn\u00edky si za\u010dal p\u00edsa\u0165 e\u0161te ako t\u00edned\u017eer a\u00a0zn\u00e1zor\u0148uj\u00fa, ako sa menil jeho poh\u013ead na l\u00e1sku, \u017eivot, obsahuj\u00fa z\u00e1\u017eitky z\u00a0jeho ciest a\u00a0snahu vyrovna\u0165 sa so sl\u00e1vou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Moji kamar\u00e1ti umieraj\u00fa ako muchy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eMoji kamar\u00e1ti umieraj\u00fa, padaj\u00fa na zem ako muchy a kdesi vn\u00fatri tu\u0161\u00edm, \u017ee len bo\u017eia prozrete\u013enos\u0165 ma udr\u017eala na\u017eive takto dlho,\u201c p\u00edsal v denn\u00edkoch. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V roku 1997 za\u010dal c\u00edti\u0165 prv\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky choroby a \u010ditate\u013eom sa zd\u00f4veril, \u017ee sa neboj\u00ed o seba, ale hlavne o bl\u00edzkych, desilo ho, \u017ee by musel vidie\u0165 utrpenie kamar\u00e1tov. \u201eV\u017edy som vedel, \u017ee zomriem mlad\u00fd,\u201c ozn\u00e1mil a neb\u00e1l sa otvorene p\u00edsa\u0165 o stretnut\u00ed so zub\u00e1rom, ktor\u00fd ho pre HIV odmietol lie\u010di\u0165, alebo o tom, ako postupne chradol a hanbil sa ukazova\u0165 pred in\u00fdmi mu\u017emi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je to siln\u00e9 \u010d\u00edtanie, preto\u017ee napriek trpk\u00e9mu osudu sa sna\u017eil ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148 vychutn\u00e1va\u0165 si e\u0161te viac a svoj\u00edm umen\u00edm upozor\u0148ova\u0165 na hrozbu, ktor\u00fa najmocnej\u0161\u00ed v krajine z\u00e1merne prehliadali. V tvorbe pokra\u010doval e\u0161te hor\u00fa\u010dkovitej\u0161ie. Pripravoval plag\u00e1ty pre kampane o bezpe\u010dnom sexe a hlavne s\u00e9riu apokalyptick\u00fdch a dystopick\u00fdch obrazov. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aj jeho najsl\u00e1vnej\u0161\u00ed symbol \u2013 \u0161tekaj\u00faci pes \u2013 mal p\u00f4sobi\u0165 ako varovanie, aby sa zobudila spiaca americk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da. Ronald Reagan reagoval len ve\u013emi pomaly, zatia\u013e \u010do umierali desiatky tis\u00edcok \u013eud\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V diele Rebel with Many Causes (Rebel s mnoh\u00fdmi pr\u00ed\u010dinami) sa pohr\u00e1val s mot\u00edvom troch postavi\u010diek. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 m\u00e1 na tele symbol X, \u010d\u00edm Haring nazna\u010duje, \u017ee ide o m\u0155tvych. Jeden si zakr\u00fdva o\u010di, druh\u00fd u\u0161i a tret\u00ed \u00fasta. Zobrazuj\u00fa t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed sa str\u00e1nia probl\u00e9mov, rad\u0161ej sa tv\u00e1ria, \u017ee neexistuj\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obrazmi z posledn\u00fdch rokov \u017eivota Haring mohol milovn\u00edkom umenia navodzova\u0165 no\u010dn\u00e9 mory: na monument\u00e1lnych pl\u00e1tnach sa to hem\u017eilo netvormi, zn\u00e1silneniami, zdeformovan\u00fdmi \u00fadmi, mu\u010den\u00edm, labyrintmi bez konca a poslami smrti. Ukazovali svety, ktor\u00e9 upadli do chaosu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pod\u013ea denn\u00edkov do depresie v\u00fdtvarn\u00edk predsa len neupadal. Hoci c\u00edtil prich\u00e1dzaj\u00facu smr\u0165, veril, \u017ee \u013eudia aj po skone pre\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v my\u0161lienkach in\u00fdch. Ako pr\u00edklad uviedol, \u017ee v sebe c\u00edti vplyv a osobnos\u0165 Andyho Warhola, jeho bl\u00edzkeho kamar\u00e1ta. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V posledn\u00fdch mesiacoch \u017eivota si u\u017e Haring ni\u010d do denn\u00edkov nezna\u010dil, so svojimi fan\u00fa\u0161ikmi sa rozl\u00fa\u010dil slne\u010dn\u00fdmi dojmami z talianskej Pisy, kde mal pripravi\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00fa v\u00fdstavu. Do\u017eil sa len 32 rokov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Jedna z ved\u00facich osobnost\u00ed popartu by osl\u00e1vila nedo\u017eit\u00e9 jubileum. K\u00fdm in\u00ed ma\u013eovali krajinky a in\u0161pirovali sa v\u00fdtvarn\u00fdmi trendmi star\u00fdmi storo\u010dia, americk\u00fd mlad\u00edk Keith Haring tr\u00e1vil svoje dni sledovan\u00edm newyorsk\u00fdch ul\u00edc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":2059,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,9,10,13,258],"tags":[89,171,172],"class_list":["post-2058","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pribehy-lgbti-ludi","category-queer-historia","category-kultura","category-viditelnost","category-vizualne-umenie","tag-keith-harring","tag-queer-umenie","tag-queer-vystava"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2058","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2058"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2058\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2589,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2058\/revisions\/2589"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2059"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2058"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2058"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duhovyrok.sk\/qys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2058"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}